25,406 research outputs found
Metal-Insulator Transition of the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 Interface Electron System
We report on a metal-insulator transition in the LaAlO3-SrTiO3 interface
electron system, of which the carrier density is tuned by an electric gate
field. Below a critical carrier density n_c ranging from 0.5-1.5 * 10^13/cm^2,
LaAlO3-SrTiO3 interfaces, forming drain-source channels in field-effect devices
are non-ohmic. The differential resistance at zero channel bias diverges within
a 2% variation of the carrier density. Above n_c, the conductivity of the ohmic
channels has a metal-like temperature dependence, while below n_c conductivity
sets in only above a threshold electric field. For a given thickness of the
LaAlO3 layer, the conductivity follows a sigma_0 ~(n - n_c)/n_c characteristic.
The metal-insulator transition is found to be distinct from that of the
semiconductor 2D systems.Comment: 4 figure
InGaAs implant-free quantum-well MOSFETs: performance evaluation using 3D Monte Carlo simulation
In this paper we use numerical simulations to evaluate the performance of III-V Implant-Free Quantum-Well
(IFQW) MOSFET devices that offer simultaneously high channel mobility, high drive current and excellent
electrostatic integrity. Using 3D Monte Carlo simulations we show that to fully understand the performance of
this device architecture, Fermi-Dirac statistics and quantum-corrections must be considered to account for the
impact of low density-of-states and quantum confinement in the channel layer respectively
DLC2 modulates angiogenic responses in vascular endothelial cells by regulating cell attachment and migration.
Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a RhoGTPase activation protein-containing tumor suppressor that associates with various types of cancer. Although DLC2 shares a similar domain structure with that of DLC1, the function of DLC2 is not well characterized. Here, we describe the expression and ablation of DLC2 in mice using a reporter-knockout approach. DLC2 is expressed in several tissues and in endothelial cells (ECs) of blood vessels. Although ECs and blood vessels show no histological abnormalities and mice appear overall healthy, DLC2-mutant mice display enhanced angiogenic responses induced by matrigel and by tumor cells. Silencing of DLC2 in human ECs has reduced cell attachment, increased migration, and tube formation. These changes are rescued by silencing of RhoA, suggesting that the process is RhoA pathway dependent. These results indicate that DLC2 is not required for mouse development and normal vessel formation, but may protect mouse from unwanted angiogenesis induced by, for example, tumor cells
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Provision of secondary frequency regulation by coordinated dispatch of industrial loads and thermal power plants
Demand responsive industrial loads with high thermal inertia have potential to provide ancillary service for frequency regulation in the power market. To capture the benefit, this study proposes a new hierarchical framework to coordinate the demand responsive industrial loads with thermal power plants in an industrial park for secondary frequency control. In the proposed framework, demand responsive loads and generating resources are coordinated for optimal dispatch in two-time scales: (1) the regulation reserve of the industrial park is optimally scheduled in a day-ahead manner. The stochastic regulation signal is replaced by the specific extremely trajectories. Furthermore, the extremely trajectories are achieved by the day-ahead predicted regulation mileage. The resulting benefit is to transform the stochastic reserve scheduling problem into a deterministic optimization; (2) a model predictive control strategy is proposed to dispatch the industry park in real time with an objective to maximize the revenue. The proposed technology is tested using a real-world industrial electrolysis power system based upon Pennsylvania, Jersey, and Maryland (PJM) power market. Various scenarios are simulated to study the performance of the proposed approach to enable industry parks to provide ancillary service into the power market. The simulation results indicate that an industrial park with a capacity of 500 MW can provide up to 40 MW ancillary service for participation in the secondary frequency regulation. The proposed strategy is demonstrated to be capable of maintaining the economic and secure operation of the industrial park while satisfying performance requirements from the real world regulation market
A novel route to phase formation of cobalt oxyhydrates using KMnO4 as an oxidizing agent
We have first succeefully synthesized the sodium cobalt oxyhydrate
superconductors using KMnO4 as a de-intercalating and oxidizing agent. It is a
novel route to form the superconductive phase of NaxCoO2.yH2O without resorting
to the commonly used Br2/CH3CN solution. The role of the KMnO4 is to
de-intercalate the Na+ from the parent compound Na0.7CoO2 and oxidize the Co
ion as a result. The higher molar ratio of KMnO4 relative to the sodium content
tends to remove more Na+ from the parent compound and results in a slight
expansion of the c-axis in the unit cell. The superconducting transition
temperature is 4.6-3.8 K for samples treated by the aqueous KMnO4 solution with
the molar ratio of KMnO4 relative to the sodium content in the range of 0.3 and
2.29.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figure
Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning without Introducing New Latency
Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models has recently demonstrated remarkable achievements, effectively matching the performance of full fine-tuning while utilizing significantly fewer trainable parameters, and consequently addressing the storage and communication constraints. Nonetheless, various PEFT methods are limited by their inherent characteristics. In the case of sparse fine-tuning, which involves modifying only a small subset of the existing parameters, the selection of fine-tuned parameters is task- and domain-specific, making it unsuitable for federated learning. On the other hand, PEFT methods with adding new parameters typically introduce additional inference latency. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of generating a sparse mask in a task-agnostic manner, wherein all downstream tasks share a common mask. Our approach, which relies solely on the magnitude information of pre-trained parameters, surpasses existing methodologies by a significant margin when evaluated on the GLUE benchmark. Additionally, we introduce a novel adapter technique that directly applies the adapter to pre-trained parameters instead of the hidden representation, thereby achieving identical inference speed to that of full fine-tuning. Through extensive experiments, our proposed method attains a new state-of-the-art outcome in terms of both performance and storage efficiency, storing only 0.03% parameters of full fine-tuning
Validity and reliability of a phone App and stopwatch for the measurement of 505 change of direction performance: a test-retest study design
Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the validity and reliability of a phone app (named: COD timer) and stopwatches for the measurement of change of direction (COD) performance. Methods: Sixty-two youth basketball players (age: 15.9 ± 1.4 yrs, height: 178.8 ± 11.0 cm, body mass: 70.0 ± 14.1 kg) performed six trials of 505 COD test (with the left side being the plant leg first, then the right side). The completion time was measured simultaneously via timing gates (with error correction processing algorithms), the phone app and stopwatches. Results: There was an almost perfect correlation and agreement between timing gates and COD timer (r = 0.978; SEE = 0.035 s; LoA =-0.08~0.06 s), but a lower correlation and agreement between timing gates and stopwatch (r = 0.954; SEE = 0.050 s; LoA =-0.17~0.04 s) with statistical significance in completion time (ES = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.15-1.43, p < 0.01). The coefficient of variation revealed similar level of dispersion between the three timing devices (timing gates: 6.58%; COD timer: 6.32%; stopwatch: 6.71%). Inter-observer reliability (ICC = 0.991) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.998) were excellent in COD timer, while the inter-observer reliability was lower (ICC = 0.890) in the stopwatches. Conclusion: In the 505 COD test, the COD timer was able to provide a valid and reliable measurement. On the contrary, stopwatch was not recommended because of large error. Thus, if timing gates are unavailable, practitioners can adopt the COD timer app to assess 505 COD speed times
Chromium Environment within Cr-Doped Silico-Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieves from Spin Density Studies
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