Containment through mobility: migrants’ spatial disobediences and the reshaping of control through the hotspot system

This article deals with the modes of (contested) control that are at play at the Mediterranean frontier for containing, dividing and discipling unruly mobility. Building on ethnographic research conducted on the island of Lesvos and of Lampedusa, it focuses on the implementation and the functioning of the Hotspot System in Greece and in Italy, analysing beyond the fences of detention centres and by looking at the broader logistics of channels, infrastructures and governmental measures deployed for regaining control over migration movements. The article argues that more than control in terms of surveillance and tracking, the Hotspot System contributes to enforce forms of containment through mobility that consists in controlling migration by obstructing, decelerating and troubling migrants’ geographies – more than in fully blocking them. The article takes into account migrants’ refusals of being fingerprinted, showing how migrants radically unsettle the association between seeking refuge and lack of choice, enacting their right to choose where to go and claim asylum

An analysis of teacher's role as motivator to student's learning motivation in English lesson at SMPN 1 Sedati Sidoarjo

Teacher is one of the important components in the process of learning and teaching to form the potential human resource in developed era. One of the teacher's roles is as motivator. Teacher's role as motivator is important to improve student's motivation in learning. Teacher has to stimulate, motivate and reinforce the students to stick out their potency, activity and creativity. When the writer observed the school, he found the school that has a good motivation. The school is SMPN 1 Sedati Sidoarjo. All of the students were enthusiastic to learn English. The grade of the students was good. Their average grade was eight. It was caused by the motivation that had been given by teacher. From that reason, the writer has two problems of the study. These are: (1) How is teacher's role as motivator done by English teacher and (2) how far students are motivated by teacher. And to answer problem of the study, the researcher used qualitative-descriptive method and used four instruments. These are check list observation, interview, questionnaire, and documentation. The teacher of that school was very innovative in teaching the students. He used the application program that he took when he had training in America. It was suitable to be applied in that school because it was supported by complete facilities because laptop and LCD were available in that school and it was suitable with the school's curriculum. Teacher often invite the students to be participated in the English event. It can be proved by the appreciation of students was very more. The relationship between teacher and students was very close. So the students were very enthusiastic to learn English. The students made the teacher as their inspiration and motivation to learn especially in English because the teacher always shared the important to learn English and anything about life

Additional file 8: of Identification of a novel fused gene family implicates convergent evolution in eukaryotic calcium signaling

Figure S8. The expression changes among two stages in the BSF cells grown for 3 days (BFD3) and 6 days (BFD6), and two stages (PF and DIF) in the PF, together with a non-tetracycline (no_Tet) induction form as the control. Two stars indicated significance at P ≤ 0.01. The raw expression data were from reported projects [43, 70]. (PDF 35 kb

Additional file 7: of Identification of a novel fused gene family implicates convergent evolution in eukaryotic calcium signaling

Figure S6. Scaffold of the genome released Perkinsela sp. has a most realted homolog to the X monophyly gene member CAMPEP_0174853860 from Neobodo designis. (PDF 555 kb

Additional file 10: of Identification of a novel fused gene family implicates convergent evolution in eukaryotic calcium signaling

Figure S7. Perkinsela sp. did not contain any X monophyly member. (PDF 237 kb

Additional file 5: of Identification of a novel fused gene family implicates convergent evolution in eukaryotic calcium signaling

Figure S4. Five specific motifs found in Fig. 3 were shown in sequence logo format. (PDF 1561 kb

Additional file 3: of Identification of a novel fused gene family implicates convergent evolution in eukaryotic calcium signaling

Figure S3. The four insertions in the kinase domain found in Fig. 1 were shown in sequence logo format. (PDF 376 kb

DataSheet_1_Large-scale analyses of angiosperm Flowering Locus T genes reveal duplication and functional divergence in monocots.docx

FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) are well-known key genes for initiating flowering in plants. Delineating the evolutionary history and functional diversity of FT genes is important for understanding the diversification of flowering time and how plants adapt to the changing surroundings. We performed a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of FT genes in 47 sequenced flowering plants and the 1,000 Plant Transcriptomes (1KP) database with a focus on monocots, especially cereals. We revealed the evolutionary history of FT genes. The FT genes in monocots can be divided into three clades (I, II, and III), whereas only one monophyletic group was detected in early angiosperms, magnoliids, and eudicots. Multiple rounds of whole-genome duplications (WGD) events followed by gene retention contributed to the expansion and variation of FT genes in monocots. Amino acid sites in the clade II and III genes were preferentially under high positive selection, and some sites located in vital domain regions are known to change functions when mutated. Clade II and clade III genes exhibited high variability in important regions and functional divergence compared with clade I genes; thus, clade I is more conserved than clade II and III. Genes in clade I displayed higher expression levels in studied organs and tissues than the clade II and III genes. The co-expression modules showed that some of the FT genes might have experienced neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization, such as the acquisition of environmental resistance. Overall, FT genes in monocots might form three clades by the ancient gene duplication, and each clade was subsequently subjected to different selection pressures and amino acid substitutions, which eventually led to different expression patterns and functional diversification. Our study provides a global picture of FT genes’ evolution in monocots, paving a road for investigating FT genes’ function in future.</p

Additional file 2: of Auxin controls circadian flower opening and closure in the waterlily

Global transcriptome description of the flower opening and closure. Corresponding to Fig. 4. Global analysis of GO items and KEGG pathways during the flower opening and closure processes are shown. The transcriptome at 6:00 (T1) was used as the control, and the transcriptomes at 7:00 (T2), 10:00(T3), 14:00 (T4) and 18:00 (T5) were individually compared with each other (T/T comparisons). The total changed numbers are listed below. Red represents the upregulated groups, and blue marks the downregulated groups (TIF 1165 kb

Additional file 5: of Auxin controls circadian flower opening and closure in the waterlily

Transcriptome description of vesicle trafficking and receptor kinase-mediated cascades. (A) Heatmap provided the transcriptome profiles of vesicle trafficking-related genes in cluster 3. The corresponding genes were listed in Additional file 4: Table S2. (B) Heatmap provided the transcriptome profiles of RLKs in cluster 8. The corresponding genes were listed in Additional file 4: Table S3. (TIF 640 kb