158 research outputs found
Emotional Marketing for Chinese Women
With the development of social economy, people's consumption level has improved; the level of consumption has changed from the initial demand for the basic functions to the pursuit of added value, which contributed to emotional marketing. Emotional marketing is the combination of personal emotion and product marketing to meet the emotional needs of consumers. In the 21st century, women have occupied an increasingly important position in social life. With the improving of women’s economic status and family status, 21st century has become the dominant era of female consumption. Females have become the main motive force for the development of the market.
The purpose of this thesis is to help find some emotional marketing strategies of clothing. Shop owners are concerned with women’s consumer behavior and psychological characteristics, so emotional marketing is more used with female consumers. By analyzing female consumer behavior and consumer psychology, combined with the theory of emotional marketing, the intention is to help shop owners find emotional marketing strategies.
There is an interview and a questionnaire in the thesis. In the interview, a shop owner told women caring about when their buying clothes and some strategies that she had. Women’s buying behavior and their emotion has been asked in the questionnaire. From the questionnaire, the main result is different ages consumers have different shopping psychological characteristics and emotion. Therefore, the research of this article has important significance to the female consumption market
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Urbanisation and Fiscal Risks in China
China has witnessed rapid urbanisation over the past three decades. It has been generally successful in mobilising resources and providing the infrastructure that cities need to grow their economies. The central government has played a major role in China’s urbanisation through setting the overall development direction, land granting, and policy formulation. However, the responsibilities of infrastructure financing have been gradually shifted to local governments, and consequently, local budgetary systems face substantial funding challenges. While the decentralised structure of Chinese politics provides strong incentives for local officials to take the lead in urbanising China, fiscal institutions place heavy financial burdens on local governments. This thesis studies two major problems that arose from China’s urbanisation process. In terms of theoretical contribution, the thesis both advances the theories of Chinese style fiscal federalism and provides new evidence to enhance its explaining power.
The first study is on China’s infrastructure financing and local government debt. It finds that local government debt for infrastructure is positively affected by the land demand from the private sector. Furthermore, land finance is positively related to the level of local government debt. The results reveal that the visible hand of local governments works creatively to meet infrastructure development targets handed down by the ‘iron hand’ of the central government.
The second study is on local government financing vehicles’ (LGFVs) borrowing costs and land finance. It finds that local governments with higher land leasing revenue could bring down the borrowing costs of local LGFVs, while a higher ratio of land revenue to fiscal revenue would raise LGFVs’ borrowing costs. A booming local land market would push up the value of land assets held by LGFVs and therefore strengthen its ‘collateral channel’, enabling LGFVs to borrow at a lower cost. The thesis’ findings can help investors better identify the risks associated with LGFV bonds and enable local government borrowing at a lower cost
A dynamic mode of mitotic bookmarking by transcription factors.
During mitosis, transcription is shut off, chromatin condenses, and most transcription factors (TFs) are reported to be excluded from chromosomes. How do daughter cells re-establish the original transcription program? Recent discoveries that a select set of TFs remain bound on mitotic chromosomes suggest a potential mechanism for maintaining transcriptional programs through the cell cycle termed mitotic bookmarking. Here we report instead that many TFs remain associated with chromosomes in mouse embryonic stem cells, and that the exclusion previously described is largely a fixation artifact. In particular, most TFs we tested are significantly enriched on mitotic chromosomes. Studies with Sox2 reveal that this mitotic interaction is more dynamic than in interphase and is facilitated by both DNA binding and nuclear import. Furthermore, this dynamic mode results from lack of transcriptional activation rather than decreased accessibility of underlying DNA sequences in mitosis. The nature of the cross-linking artifact prompts careful re-examination of the role of TFs in mitotic bookmarking
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A stable mode of bookmarking by TBP recruits RNA polymerase II to mitotic chromosomes.
Maintenance of transcription programs is challenged during mitosis when chromatin becomes condensed and transcription is silenced. How do the daughter cells re-establish the original transcription program? Here, we report that the TATA-binding protein (TBP), a key component of the core transcriptional machinery, remains bound globally to active promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells during mitosis. Using live-cell single-molecule imaging, we observed that TBP mitotic binding is highly stable, with an average residence time of minutes, in stark contrast to typical TFs with residence times of seconds. To test the functional effect of mitotic TBP binding, we used a drug-inducible degron system and found that TBP promotes the association of RNA Polymerase II with mitotic chromosomes, and facilitates transcriptional reactivation following mitosis. These results suggest that the core transcriptional machinery promotes efficient transcription maintenance globally
Human Sensing via Passive Spectrum Monitoring
Human sensing is significantly improving our lifestyle in many fields such as
elderly healthcare and public safety. Research has demonstrated that human
activity can alter the passive radio frequency (PRF) spectrum, which represents
the passive reception of RF signals in the surrounding environment without
actively transmitting a target signal. This paper proposes a novel passive
human sensing method that utilizes PRF spectrum alteration as a biometrics
modality for human authentication, localization, and activity recognition. The
proposed method uses software-defined radio (SDR) technology to acquire the PRF
in the frequency band sensitive to human signature. Additionally, the PRF
spectrum signatures are classified and regressed by five machine learning (ML)
algorithms based on different human sensing tasks. The proposed Sensing Humans
among Passive Radio Frequency (SHAPR) method was tested in several environments
and scenarios, including a laboratory, a living room, a classroom, and a
vehicle, to verify its extensiveness. The experimental results show that the
SHAPR method achieved more than 95% accuracy in the four scenarios for the
three human sensing tasks, with a localization error of less than 0.8 m. These
results indicate that the SHAPR technique can be considered a new human
signature modality with high accuracy, robustness, and general applicability
Digital Ethics in Federated Learning
The Internet of Things (IoT) consistently generates vast amounts of data,
sparking increasing concern over the protection of data privacy and the
limitation of data misuse. Federated learning (FL) facilitates collaborative
capabilities among multiple parties by sharing machine learning (ML) model
parameters instead of raw user data, and it has recently gained significant
attention for its potential in privacy preservation and learning efficiency
enhancement. In this paper, we highlight the digital ethics concerns that arise
when human-centric devices serve as clients in FL. More specifically,
challenges of game dynamics, fairness, incentive, and continuity arise in FL
due to differences in perspectives and objectives between clients and the
server. We analyze these challenges and their solutions from the perspectives
of both the client and the server, and through the viewpoints of centralized
and decentralized FL. Finally, we explore the opportunities in FL for
human-centric IoT as directions for future development
Passive Radio Frequency-based 3D Indoor Positioning System via Ensemble Learning
Passive radio frequency (PRF)-based indoor positioning systems (IPS) have
attracted researchers' attention due to their low price, easy and customizable
configuration, and non-invasive design. This paper proposes a PRF-based
three-dimensional (3D) indoor positioning system (PIPS), which is able to use
signals of opportunity (SoOP) for positioning and also capture a scenario
signature. PIPS passively monitors SoOPs containing scenario signatures through
a single receiver. Moreover, PIPS leverages the Dynamic Data Driven
Applications System (DDDAS) framework to devise and customize the sampling
frequency, enabling the system to use the most impacted frequency band as the
rated frequency band. Various regression methods within three ensemble learning
strategies are used to train and predict the receiver position. The PRF
spectrum of 60 positions is collected in the experimental scenario, and three
criteria are applied to evaluate the performance of PIPS. Experimental results
show that the proposed PIPS possesses the advantages of high accuracy,
configurability, and robustness.Comment: DDDAS 202
Federated Learning for Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Survey of Existing Approaches and Challenges
Machine learning (ML) is widely used for key tasks in Connected and Automated
Vehicles (CAV), including perception, planning, and control. However, its
reliance on vehicular data for model training presents significant challenges
related to in-vehicle user privacy and communication overhead generated by
massive data volumes. Federated learning (FL) is a decentralized ML approach
that enables multiple vehicles to collaboratively develop models, broadening
learning from various driving environments, enhancing overall performance, and
simultaneously securing local vehicle data privacy and security. This survey
paper presents a review of the advancements made in the application of FL for
CAV (FL4CAV). First, centralized and decentralized frameworks of FL are
analyzed, highlighting their key characteristics and methodologies. Second,
diverse data sources, models, and data security techniques relevant to FL in
CAVs are reviewed, emphasizing their significance in ensuring privacy and
confidentiality. Third, specific and important applications of FL are explored,
providing insight into the base models and datasets employed for each
application. Finally, existing challenges for FL4CAV are listed and potential
directions for future work are discussed to further enhance the effectiveness
and efficiency of FL in the context of CAV
Training Stronger Spiking Neural Networks with Biomimetic Adaptive Internal Association Neurons
As the third generation of neural networks, spiking neural networks (SNNs)
are dedicated to exploring more insightful neural mechanisms to achieve
near-biological intelligence. Intuitively, biomimetic mechanisms are crucial to
understanding and improving SNNs. For example, the associative long-term
potentiation (ALTP) phenomenon suggests that in addition to learning mechanisms
between neurons, there are associative effects within neurons. However, most
existing methods only focus on the former and lack exploration of the internal
association effects. In this paper, we propose a novel Adaptive Internal
Association~(AIA) neuron model to establish previously ignored influences
within neurons. Consistent with the ALTP phenomenon, the AIA neuron model is
adaptive to input stimuli, and internal associative learning occurs only when
both dendrites are stimulated at the same time. In addition, we employ weighted
weights to measure internal associations and introduce intermediate caches to
reduce the volatility of associations. Extensive experiments on prevailing
neuromorphic datasets show that the proposed method can potentiate or depress
the firing of spikes more specifically, resulting in better performance with
fewer spikes. It is worth noting that without adding any parameters at
inference, the AIA model achieves state-of-the-art performance on
DVS-CIFAR10~(83.9\%) and N-CARS~(95.64\%) datasets.Comment: Accepted by ICASSP 202
Training Robust Spiking Neural Networks on Neuromorphic Data with Spatiotemporal Fragments
Neuromorphic vision sensors (event cameras) are inherently suitable for
spiking neural networks (SNNs) and provide novel neuromorphic vision data for
this biomimetic model. Due to the spatiotemporal characteristics, novel data
augmentations are required to process the unconventional visual signals of
these cameras. In this paper, we propose a novel Event SpatioTemporal Fragments
(ESTF) augmentation method. It preserves the continuity of neuromorphic data by
drifting or inverting fragments of the spatiotemporal event stream to simulate
the disturbance of brightness variations, leading to more robust spiking neural
networks. Extensive experiments are performed on prevailing neuromorphic
datasets. It turns out that ESTF provides substantial improvements over pure
geometric transformations and outperforms other event data augmentation
methods. It is worth noting that the SNNs with ESTF achieve the
state-of-the-art accuracy of 83.9\% on the CIFAR10-DVS dataset.Comment: Accepted by ICASSP 202
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