Emigration from China in Comparative Perspective

Comparative research on international migration has increasingly focused on immigrant integration rather than the process of emigration. By investigating the different streams of Chinese migration to the United States and Europe, as well as the different stages of Chinese migration to the United States, this study examines the way in which both receiving and sending contexts combine to shape the process of emigration. Using data from a 2002–2003 survey of emigration from China's Fujian Province, we demonstrate that under restrictive exit and entry policies and high barriers to migration (i.e., clandestine migration from Fuzhou to the United States), resources such as migrant social capital, political capital (cadre resources), and human capital all play a crucial role in the emigration process. However, the roles of these resources in the migration process are limited when migration barriers are sufficiently low and when local governments adopt proactive policies promoting emigration (i.e., legal migration from Mingxi to Europe). Comparisons over time suggest that the importance of migrant social capital, political capital, and human capital has strongly persisted for Fuzhou-US emigration, as a result of tightening exit and entry policies. Despite these marked differences between Fuzhou and Mingxi emigration, the results also point to two general processes that are highly consistent across settings and over time—the cumulative causation of migration and the advantage conferred by traditional positional power (cadre status)

Patterns of Migration and Occupational Attainment in Contemporary China : 1985-1990

Using data from the 1990 China Population Census, this paper examines the patterns of temporary and permanent migration in China. The results show that temporary migration is an important form of geographic mobility throughout China. Both change and continuity seem to be in place. Although educated people are more likely to be permanent migrants, cadres still enjoy advantages in moving to coastal regions. Even temporary migrants and rural migrants with high levels of education are still less likely to be employed in prestigious occupations, as compared to permanent migrants and migrants with urban origin. Despite the ever-increasing flow of rural migrants to cities, China's rural/urban hierarchy continues to restrict the life chances of millions of peasants.This project is supported by the U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (1R55HD/OD3487801A1 and 1R29HD34878-01A2

Soliton solution of continuum magnetization-equation in conducting ferromagnet with a spin-polarized current

Exact soliton solutions of a modified Landau-Lifshitz equation for the magnetization of conducting ferromagnet in the presence of a spin-polarized current are obtained by means of inverse scattering transformation. From the analytical solution effects of spin-current on the frequency, wave number, and dispersion law of spin wave are investigated. The one-soliton solution indicates obviously current-driven precession and periodic shape-variation as well. The inelastic collision of solitons by which we mean the shape change before and after collision appears due to the spin current. We, moreover, show that complete inelastic collisions can be achieved by adjusting spectrum and current parameters. This may lead to a potential technique for shape control of spin wave.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

An Efficient Framework for Image Matching

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to present an efficient framework for non-rigid medical image matching. Previous non-rigid matching often produces unpredictable deformation field and unwanted stretching in the images. The as-rigid-as-possible nature of the Moving-LS technique thus makes it a new candidate by providing transformation that maintains the rigidity of structures for underlying physical reasons, while producing local deformations. In addition, it is very suitable for parallel computation, and the performance can be accelerated by multi-core processors through employment of multiple threads. The results demonstrate that the proposed matching method has good balance between accuracy and speed, and has potential in many medical applications

Inosine Enhances Axon Sprouting and Motor Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury

Although corticospinal tract axons cannot regenerate long distances after spinal cord injury, they are able to sprout collateral branches rostral to an injury site that can help form compensatory circuits in cases of incomplete lesions. We show here that inosine enhances the formation of compensatory circuits after a dorsal hemisection of the thoracic spinal cord in mature rats and improves coordinated limb use. Inosine is a naturally occurring metabolite of adenosine that crosses the cell membrane and, in neurons, activates Mst3b, a protein kinase that is part of a signal transduction pathway that regulates axon outgrowth. Compared to saline-treated controls, rats with dorsal hemisections that were treated with inosine showed three times as many synaptic contacts between corticospinal tract collaterals and long propriospinal interneurons that project from the cervical cord to the lumbar level. Inosine-treated rats also showed stronger serotonergic reinnervation of the lumbar cord than saline-treated controls, and performed well above controls in both open-field testing and a horizontal ladder rung-walking test. Inosine was equally effective whether delivered intracranially or intravenously, and has been shown to be safe for other indications in humans. Thus, inosine might be a useful therapeutic for improving outcome after spinal cord injury