Finding sands in the eyes: vulnerabilities discovery in IoT with EUFuzzer on human machine interface

In supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems or the Internet of Things (IoT), human machine interface (HMI) performs the function of data acquisition and control, providing the operators with a view of the whole plant and access to monitoring and interacting with the system. The compromise of HMI will result in lost of view (LoV), which means the state of the whole system is invisible to operators. The worst case is that adversaries can manipulate control commands through HMI to damage the physical plant. HMI often relies on poorly understood proprietary protocols, which are time-sensitive, and usually keeps a persistent connection for hours even days. All these factors together make the vulnerability mining of HMI a tough job. In this paper, we present EUFuzzer, a novel fuzzing tool to assist testers in HMI vulnerability discovery. EUFuzzer first identifies packet fields of the specific protocol and classifies all fields into four types, then using a relatively high efficiency fuzzing method to test HMI. The experimental results show that EUFuzzer is capable of identifying packet fields and revealing bugs. EUFuzzer also successfully triggers flaws of actual proprietary SCADA protocol implementation on HMI, which the SCADA software vendor has confirmed that four were zero-day vulnerabilities and has taken measures to patch up

Research on temperature field and microstructure distribution of cross wedge rolling based on square billet

With the deepening and popularization of the cross wedge rolling process, the requirements for the cross wedge rolling blanks have become wider and wider. Relying only on the traditional round blanks will restrict the promotion of the cross wedge rolling process to a certain extent. The emergence of the square billet is a breakthrough in the selection of raw materials, but related research is relatively scarce. Therefore, this paper conducts a finite element simulation for the rolling process of the square billet. Four characteristic points are taken on the longitudinal section of the billet to track the temperature change. Research on the law of field changes. At the same time, the change of the grain size and dynamic recrystallization percentage of the rolled piece during the rolling process is studied. Simulation and experiment are combined to obtain the change rule of the average grain size of the characteristic points of the longitudinal section of the billet with time

Research on temperature field and microstructure distribution of cross wedge rolling based on square billet

With the deepening and popularization of the cross wedge rolling process, the requirements for the cross wedge rolling blanks have become wider and wider. Relying only on the traditional round blanks will restrict the promotion of the cross wedge rolling process to a certain extent. The emergence of the square billet is a breakthrough in the selection of raw materials, but related research is relatively scarce. Therefore, this paper conducts a finite element simulation for the rolling process of the square billet. Four characteristic points are taken on the longitudinal section of the billet to track the temperature change. Research on the law of field changes. At the same time, the change of the grain size and dynamic recrystallization percentage of the rolled piece during the rolling process is studied. Simulation and experiment are combined to obtain the change rule of the average grain size of the characteristic points of the longitudinal section of the billet with time

Association of Exposure to Particular Matter and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Long time exposure to particular matter has been linked to myocardial infarction, stroke and blood pressure, but its association with atherosclerosis is not clear. This meta-analysis was aimed at assessing whether PM2.5 and PM10 have an effect on subclinical atherosclerosis measured by carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). Methods: Pubmed, Ovid Medline, Embase and NICK between 1948 and 31 March 2015 were searched by combining the keywords about exposure to the outcome related words. The random-effects model was applied in computing the change of CIMT and their corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI). The effect of potential confounding factors was assessed by stratified analysis and the impact of traffic proximity was also estimated. Results: Among 56 identified studies, 11 articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. In overall analysis increments of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with an increase of CIMT (16.79 μm; 95% CI, 4.95–28.63 μm and 4.13 μm; 95% CI, −5.79–14.04 μm, respectively). Results shown in subgroup analysis had reference value for comparing with those of the overall analysis. The impact of traffic proximity on CIMT was uncertain. Conclusions: Exposure to PM2.5 had a significant association with CIMT and for women the effect may be more obvious

A smart cushion for real-time heart rate monitoring

10.1109/BioCAS.2012.64185122012 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference: Intelligent Biomedical Electronics and Systems for Better Life and Better Environment, BioCAS 2012 - Conference Publications53-5