Prevalence and consequences of spinal pain among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Denmark

Purpose: To describe 1-week and 1-year prevalence of spinal pain and its consequences in relation to leisure activity, work-life, and care-seeking in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: A cross-sectional survey including adults diagnosed with DM from two Danish secondary care centres. Using the Standardised Nordic Questionnaire, spinal pain prevalence (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) and its consequences were evaluated (proportions, 95% confidence intervals) and compared to the general population. Results: Among 3767 people, 1-week and 1-year spinal pain prevalence were 11.6–32.4 and 18.5–49.6%, respectively, highest for lumbar pain (24.6–49.6%). The prevalence was similar between DM types for cervical and thoracic pain, but higher in type 2 for lumbar spine. Women had higher pain prevalence across spinal regions and DM types, while cervical and thoracic pain estimates were higher for age &lt; 60 vs. ≥ 60. Within the past year, &gt; 50% reported pain &gt; 30 days, high proportions had reduced their activities (leisure time, 43.7–63.9%; work, 20.7–33.3%), 13.3–28.1% reported sick-leave &gt; 30 days, and 44.3–48.5% had sought care due to spinal pain. Conclusion: Spinal pain is common in people with type 1 and 2 DM, resulting in considerable consequences for work/leisure activities, sick-leave, and healthcare utilisation as compared to the general population.</p

Flange Wrinkling in Flexible Roll Forming Process

AbstractFlexible roll forming is an advanced sheet metal forming process for producing variable cross section profiles. Flange wrinkling at the transition zone where the cross section changes is a major defect in the flexible roll forming process. In this paper, the flange wrinkling at the transition zone is studied using finite element analysis. The results showed that the strip deformation at the transition zone can be considered as a combination of two strip deformations observed in the conventional roll forming process and the flanging process. According to finite element analysis results, when the flange wrinkling occurs, compressive longitudinal strain is smaller than the necessary compressive longitudinal strain calculated by mathematical modeling to obtain the intended profile geometry in the compression zone. Therefore, comparison of compressive longitudinal strain obtained from the finite element analysis and the necessary compressive longitudinal strain is a good criterion to predict the flange wrinkling occurrence. A flexible roll forming setup was developed. Longitudinal strain history is obtained from the finite element simulation and is compared with the experimental data from the flexible roll forming setup. Results show a good agreement and confirm the finite element analysis

Comparison of multi linear regression, nonparametric regression and times series models for estimation and prediction of evaporation values

In order to simulate time series, various methods are presented such as times series models (AR, ARMA and ARMAX), multi-linear regression (MLR), and nonparametric regression (K-NN). In this research, performance of these models for estimation of missing values and prediction of future values of evaporation series (from open water) were assessed. ARMAX model with standardized input time series of Tmin, Tmax, Tav, Wind, RH, and sunshine hours, outperformed the other models and the K-NN and MLR were in the next ranks, respectively. Also after the principal component analysis, ARMAX model showed noticeable deviation for estimating missing values and MLR and K-NN in calibration and MLR in validation stage performed the best. For short-term predictions, ARMAX model has the best performance, but MLR performed better in long-term predictions, Time series models were not robust for long term predictions

Assessing Potentials of Rainfed Lands and Optimum Water Allocation between Irrigated and Rainfed Lands (Case Study: Qazvin Plain)

In this study, water allocation managements between irrigation and rainfed lands were surveyed in different climate conditions. Objective function was maximizing the net benefit. It is supposed that the cropped area of irrigation and rainfed lands have been kept unchanged and deficit irrigation has been only applied to a part of irrigation lands while supplementary irrigation has been applied to a part of rainfed lands. Also the total available water in each decade in initial management is allocated in the same decade or until 4 decades later to the irrigation of same crops in deficit irrigation conditions and in supplementary irrigation conditions for rainfed crops. The optimization model results in the Qazvin Plain indicated net benefit increased under new water allocation management in case of water conveyance from 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 and 10000 meters in a climatically normal year to be 11.1, 13.5, 19.2, 16.6 and 15.8 percent, respectively, while in a wet year 9.0, 10.9, 17.0, 15.9 and 13.4 and in a dry year 8.05, 12.5, 16.1, 19.1 and 19.9, respectively. Also barley was the best choice for deficit irrigation in three climate conditions. Depths of deficit irrigation were 20, 25 and 30 mm in the first decade of November and 50, 50 and 60 mm in the second decade of May in normal, wet and dry conditions. Also lentil was the first choice for supplementary irrigation. The best treatments for supplementary irrigation in lentil rainfed fields were 75 mm in the third decade of May in normal years, 75 mm in the second decade of May in wet years and 100 in the second decade of May in dry years. With these treatments, the yield of lentil increased from 1000, 1300 and 0 to 3000, 3000 and 2000 kg/ha in normal, wet and dry years, respectively

Prevalence and consequences of musculoskeletal pain in the upper and lower extremities: A cross-sectional analysis of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Denmark

Aims: To describe the one-week and 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the upper and lower extremities and consequences in relation to care seeking, leisure time activity, and work life in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey including adults diagnosed with type 1 and 2 diabetes from two Danish secondary care databases. Questions covered pain prevalence (shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee, ankle) and its consequences based on the Standardised Nordic Questionnaire. Data was presented using proportions (95 % confidence intervals). Results: The analysis included 3767 patients. The one-week prevalence was 9.3–30.8 % and 12-month prevalence 13.9–41.8 %, highest for shoulder pain (30.8–41.8 %). The prevalence was similar between type 1 and 2 diabetes for the upper extremity, but higher in type 2 for the lower extremity. Women had a higher pain prevalence for any joint for both diabetes types, while estimates did not vary between age groups (<60 or ≥60 years). More than half of the patients had reduced their activities at work or leisure time, and more than one-third had sought care during the past year because of pain. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain in the upper and lower extremities is common in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes from Denmark, with considerable consequences for work and leisure activities

Sensorimotor control and neuromuscular activity of the shoulder in adolescent competitive swimmers with generalized joint hypermobility

International audienc