1,785 research outputs found
Local orbital-angular-momentum dependent surface states with topological protection
Chiral surface states along the zigzag edge of a valley photonic crystal in
the honeycomb lattice are demonstrated. By decomposing the local fields into
orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes, we find that the chiral surface states
present OAM-dependent unidirectional propagation characteristics. Particularly,
the propagation directivities of the surface states are quantified by the local
OAM decomposition and are found to depend on the chiralities of both the source
and surface states. These findings allow for the engineering control of the
unidirectional propagation of electromagnetic energy without requiring an
ancillary cladding layer. Furthermore, we examine the propagation of the chiral
surface states against sharp bends. It turns out that although only certain
states successfully pass through the bend, the unidirectional propagation is
well maintained due to the topology of the structure.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figure
Mixing of spin and orbital angular momenta via second-harmonic generation in plasmonic and dielectric chiral nanostructures
We present a theoretical study of the characteristics of the nonlinear
spin-orbital angular momentum coupling induced by second-harmonic generation in
plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures made of centrosymmetric materials. In
particular, the connection between the phase singularities and polarization
helicities in the longitudinal components of the fundamental and
second-harmonic optical fields and the scatterer symmetry properties are
discussed. By in-depth comparison between the interaction of structured optical
beams with plasmonic and dielectric nanostructures, we have found that
all-dielectric and plasmonic nanostructures that exhibit magnetic and electric
resonances have comparable second-harmonic conversion efficiency. In addition,
mechanisms for second-harmonic enhancement for single and chiral clusters of
scatterers are unveiled and the relationships between the content of optical
angular momentum of the incident optical beams and the enhancement of nonlinear
light scattering is discussed. In particular, we formulate a general angular
momenta conservation law for the nonlinear spin-orbital angular momentum
interaction, which includes the quasi-angular-momentum of chiral structures
with different-order rotational symmetry. As a key conclusion of our study
relevant to nanophotonics, we argue that all-dielectric nanostructures provide
a more suitable platform to investigate experimentally the nonlinear
interaction between spin and orbital angular momenta, as compared to plasmonic
ones, chiefly due to their narrower resonance peaks, lower intrinsic losses,
and higher sustainable optical power
How complex is the microarray dataset? A novel data complexity metric for biological high-dimensional microarray data
Data complexity analysis quantifies the hardness of constructing a predictive
model on a given dataset. However, the effectiveness of existing data
complexity measures can be challenged by the existence of irrelevant features
and feature interactions in biological micro-array data. We propose a novel
data complexity measure, depth, that leverages an evolutionary inspired feature
selection algorithm to quantify the complexity of micro-array data. By
examining feature subsets of varying sizes, the approach offers a novel
perspective on data complexity analysis. Unlike traditional metrics, depth is
robust to irrelevant features and effectively captures complexity stemming from
feature interactions. On synthetic micro-array data, depth outperforms existing
methods in robustness to irrelevant features and identifying complexity from
feature interactions. Applied to case-control genotype and gene-expression
micro-array datasets, the results reveal that a single feature of
gene-expression data can account for over 90% of the performance of
multi-feature model, confirming the adequacy of the commonly used
differentially expressed gene (DEG) feature selection method for the gene
expression data. Our study also demonstrates that constructing predictive
models for genotype data is harder than gene expression data. The results in
this paper provide evidence for the use of interpretable machine learning
algorithms on microarray data
Preventive effects of Flos Perariae (Gehua) water extract and its active ingredient puerarin in rodent alcoholism models
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Radix Puerariae </it>is used in Chinese medicine to treat alcohol addiction and intoxication. The present study investigates the effects of <it>Flos puerariae </it>lobatae water extract (FPE) and its active ingredient puerarin on alcoholism using rodent models.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Alcoholic animals were given FPE or puerarin by oral intubation prior or after alcohol treatment. The loss of righting reflex (LORR) assay was used to evaluate sedative/hypnotic effects. Changes of gama-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABA<sub>A</sub>R) subunits induced by alcohol treatment in hippocampus were measured with western blot. In alcoholic mice, body weight gain was monitored throughout the experiments. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) levels in liver were measured.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>FPE and puerarin pretreatment significantly prolonged the time of LORR induced by diazepam in acute alcoholic rat. Puerarin increased expression of gama-aminobutyric acid type A receptor alpha1 subunit and decreased expression of alpha4 subunit. In chronic alcoholic mice, puerarin pretreatment significantly increased body weight and liver ADH activity in a dose-dependent manner. Puerarin pretreatment, but not post-treatment, can reverse the changes of gama-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit expression and increase ADH activity in alcoholism models.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study demonstrates that FPE and its active ingredient puerarin have preventive effects on alcoholism related disorders.</p
Experimental Investigation of Polyurea-Coated Steel Plates at Underwater Explosive Loading
To improve the survivability of ship structures at underwater explosion, thin steel plates coated with polyurea were used to investigate the blast protection effect. During the experimental tests of bare steel plates at different standoff, an appropriate distance was selected as the reference standoff to perform the tests of coated plates. Experimental tests of different coating locations (front versus back) and coating thickness were carried out to study the influencing factors of blast resistance for metal substrate plates. Compared with the bare steel plates, the polyurea coating was found to reduce the deformation of the test plates at blast tests in both cases of the front and back surface locations of the polyurea layer. An increase in the coating thickness also mitigates substantially the deformation of plates. In addition, the properties of the material and the substrate-coating bond strength may also affect the protective effect of the polyurea coating
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