16,219 research outputs found
Incentive Effects of Price Rises and Payment-System Changes on Chinese Agricultural Productivity Growth
This paper analyzes the relative importance of the major factors underlying the post-1978 increase in China's agricultural productivity. We present a method for assessing the role of price increases and strengthened individual incentives due to the introduction of the responsibility system. Data on pre- and post-1978 Chinese agricultural performance are used to calculate incentive indices, giving the fraction of their marginal product that peasants received under the pre-1978 regime.
Testing cosmic opacity from SNe Ia and Hubble parameter through three cosmological-model-independent methods
We use the newly published 28 observational Hubble parameter data ()
and current largest SNe Ia samples (Union2.1) to test whether the universe is
transparent. Three cosmological-model-independent methods (nearby SNe Ia
method, interpolation method and smoothing method) are proposed through
comparing opacity-free distance modulus from Hubble parameter data and
opacity-dependent distance modulus from SNe Ia . Two parameterizations,
and are adopted for the
optical depth associated to the cosmic absorption. We find that the results are
not sensitive to the methods and parameterizations. Our results support a
transparent universe.Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, PLB(in press
Indirect unitarity violation entangled with matter effects in reactor antineutrino oscillations
If finite but tiny masses of the three active neutrinos are generated via the
canonical seesaw mechanism with three heavy sterile neutrinos, the 3\times 3
Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata neutrino mixing matrix V will not be exactly
unitary. This kind of indirect unitarity violation can be probed in a precision
reactor antineutrino oscillation experiment, but it may be entangled with
terrestrial matter effects as both of them are very small. We calculate the
probability of \overline{\nu}_e \to \overline{\nu}_e oscillations in a good
analytical approximation, and find that, besides the zero-distance effect, the
effect of unitarity violation is always smaller than matter effects, and their
entanglement does not appear until the next-to-leading-order oscillating terms
are taken into account. Given a 20-kiloton JUNO-like liquid scintillator
detector, we reaffirm that terrestrial matter effects should not be neglected
but indirect unitarity violation makes no difference, and demonstrate that the
experimental sensitivities to the neutrino mass ordering and a precision
measurement of \theta_{12} and \Delta_{21} \equiv m^2_2 - m^2_1 are robust.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, version to be published in PLB, more discussions
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Modelling of sediment transport and bed deformation in rivers with continuous bends
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