بررسی حیطه‌های موجود در فرم‌های ارزشیابی از دیدگاه دانشجویان در دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زنجان در سال تحصیلی 86- 87

زمینه و هدف: ارزشیابی استادان متداول‌ترین روش جهت سنجش کیفیت آموزش می‌باشد. دانشجویان بیش از دست‌اندرکاران در جریان روند آموزش قرار‌دارند بنابراین با نظرخواهی از آنان دیدگاه کاملی برای مسئولین در مورد نقاط قوت و ضعف استادان به‌دست می‌آید. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی حیطه‌های موجود در فرم‌های ارزشیابی از دیدگاه دانشجویان در دانشکده‌های پزشکی، پیراپزشکی و پرستاری و مامایی می‌باشد. روش بررسی: این تحقیق به صورت توصیفی انجام گرفت. 1683 برگ ارزشیابی دانشجویان از استادان هیأت علمی (73 نفر) مربوط به دانشکده‌های پزشکی، پیراپزشکی و پرستاری- مامایی بررسی شد. پرسش‌نامه‌ی دانشجویان پزشکی حاوی 15 سؤوال و دانشجویان پیراپزشکی و پرستاری مامایی 21 سؤوال بود که بر اساس مقیاس لیکرات از حیطه‌های مختلف مقرراتی، علمی و آموزشی، نظارتی و نگرشی تشکیل شده بود. نمرات سؤوالات از نمره‌ی 100 محاسبه شد، نمرات بالاتر بیانگر عملکرد مطلوب‌تراستادان می‌باشد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به‌صورت آمار توصیفی با نرم‌افزار SPSS انجام شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد مقایسه در سطوح کلی بین دانشکده‌ها، دانشکده‌ی پیراپزشکی با میانگین کل و انحراف معیار 61/3 ±50/85 نسبت به سایر دانشکده‌ها برتری دارد. دانشکده‌ی پیراپزشکی در حیطه‌ی مقرراتی با میانگین و انحراف معیار 89/3±01/91، دانشکده‌ی پزشکی در حیطه‌ی نگرشی با میانگین و انحراف معیار 45/5±48/90 و دانشکده‌ی پرستاری مامایی در حیطه‌ی مقرراتی با میانگین و انحراف معیار 25/4±34/88 بیشترین امتیاز را داشتند. نتیجه‌نهایی نشان می‌دهد، حیطه‌ی علمی و آموزشی نسبت به سایر حیطه‌ها در سطح پایین‌تر می‌باشد. نتایج حیطه‌ها (علمی و آموزشی، نظارتی و نگرشی) بین دانشکده‌ها معنی‌دار می‌باشد (0001/0=P). نتیجه‌گیری: به نظر می‌رسد با برنامه‌ریزی جهت برگزاری کارگاه‌های آموزشی، روش تدریس و تحقیق جهت ارتقای آموزش استادان، اعطا‌ی فرصت مطالعاتی و تشویق انجام کارهای تحقیقاتی و پژوهشی گام مؤثری جهت ارتقای سطح علمی و بالاخره عملکرد بالای استادان خواهد بود

Data_Sheet_1_Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms?.PDF

Dioecy is rare in flowering plants (5–6% of species), but is often controlled genetically by sex-linked regions (SLRs). It has so far been unclear whether, polyploidy affects sex chromosome evolution, as it does in animals, though polyploidy is quite common in angiosperms, including in dioecious species. Plants could be different, as, unlike many animal systems, degenerated sex chromosomes, are uncommon in plants. Here we consider sex determination in plants and plant-specific factors, and propose that constraints created at the origin of polyploids limit successful polyploidization of species with SLRs. We consider the most likely case of a polyploid of a dioecious diploid with an established SLR, and discuss the outcome in autopolyploids and allopolyploids. The most stable system possibly has an SLR on just one chromosome, with a strongly dominant genetic factor in the heterogametic sex (e.g., xxxY male in a tetraploid). If recombination occurs with its homolog, this will prevent Y chromosome degeneration. Polyploidy may also allow for reversibility of multiplied Z or X chromosomes into autosomes. Otherwise, low dosage of Y-linked SLRs compared to their multiple homologous x copies may cause loss of reliable sex-determination at higher ploidy levels. We discuss some questions that can be studied using genome sequencing, chromosome level-assemblies, gene expression studies and analysis of loci under selection.</p

Table1_RNAi-based pest control: Production, application and the fate of dsRNA.DOCX

The limitations of conventional pesticides have raised the demand for innovative and sustainable solutions for plant protection. RNA Interference (RNAi) triggered by dsRNA has evolved as a promising strategy to control insects in a species-specific manner. In this context, we review the methods for mass production of dsRNA, the approaches of exogenous application of dsRNA in the field, and the fate of dsRNA after application. Additionally, we describe the opportunities and challenges of using nanoparticles as dsRNA carriers to control insects. Furthermore, we provide future directions to improve pest management efficiency by utilizing the synergistic effects of multiple target genes. Meanwhile, the establishment of a standardized framework for assessment and regulatory consensus is critical to the commercialization of RNA pesticides.</p

Screening study on significant Chinese herb for anti-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis by combining clinical experience prescriptions and molecular dynamics simulation technologies

Various techniques such as data mining, network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were used in this study to screen and validate effective herbal medicines for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to reveal their mechanisms of action at the molecular level. The use of this approach will provide new tools and ideas for future drug screening, especially for the application of herbal medicines in the treatment of complex diseases. Among them, the five identified core targets, including IL6, TP53, AKT1, VEGFA, and TNF, as well as a series of major active compounds, will be important references for future anti-IPF drug development. This information will accelerate the discovery and development of relevant drugs. Meanwhile, this study further confirmed the potential value of four Chinese herbal medicines, including Gancao, Danshen, Huangqin, and Sanqi, in the treatment of IPF. This will promote more clinical trials and practices to confirm and optimise the application of these herbs. Finally, this study is an important theoretical guide to enhance the advantages of Chinese herbal medicines in the prevention and treatment of major and difficult diseases, as well as to understand and utilise the potential efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines. This will further promote the scientific research and clinical application of herbal medicines and provide more possibilities for future disease treatment Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma</p

HDAC6 down-regulation arrested cell cycle and induced apoptosis, but not affected senescence.

<p>(<b>A</b>) FACS analysis of NC-si-treated and H6-si-1 or-3-treated A375.S2 cell cycle. (<b>B</b>) The cell percentage at different phases was indicated. (<b>C</b>) Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis following staining with PI/AnnexinV-FITC in H6-si-1 or-3-treated and NC-si-treated A375.S2 cells. (<b>D</b>) The percentage of PI positive and Annexin V positive cells was indicated. (<b>E</b>) The protein levels of caspase-3 and-9, Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were analyzed by Western blot in H6-si-1 or-3-treated and NC-si-treated A375.S2 cells. (<b>F</b>) Immunoblotting for cytochrome c using cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions. GAPDH or Cox IV antibody was used to normalize for protein loading. (<b>G</b>) Senescence was observed by the detection of SA-β-Gal-positive cells. Bars represent the mean ± S.E.M. values. (n = 4). Statistical significance (**<i>P</i> < 0.01, ***<i>P</i> < 0.001). NC-si, NC-siRNA treated group; H6-si-1, HDAC6-siRNA-1 treated group; H6-si-3, HDAC6-siRNA-3 treated group.</p

The expression of HDAC6 was up-regulated in melanoma tissues and cell lines.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Representative melanoma tissue (Mela) and adjacent normal dermatic tissue (Adjacent) samples of HDAC6 protein expression were determined by Western blot. β-actin was used as internal loading controls for the cell lysates in the Western blot analysis. (n = 23). (<b>B</b>) The protein expression of HDAC6 in 23 pairs of melanoma tissue (Mela) and adjacent normal dermatic tissue (Adjacent) samples. (<b>C</b>, <b>D</b>) The mRNA level and protein expression of HDAC6 were analyzed in several melanoma cell lines, A375.S2, SK-MEL-28, HT-144 and human immortalised keratinocytes (HaCaT) and normal human epidermal melanocytes (PIG1) by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) (<b>C</b>) and Western blot (<b>D</b>). (n = 4). Bars represent the mean ± S.E.M. values. Statistical significance (**<i>P</i> < 0.01, ***<i>P</i> < 0.001).</p

Eriocalyxin B Inhibits STAT3 Signaling by Covalently Targeting STAT3 and Blocking Phosphorylation and Activation of STAT3

<div><p>Activated STAT3 plays an important role in oncogenesis by stimulating cell proliferation and resisting apoptosis. STAT3 therefore is an attractive target for cancer therapy. We have screened a traditional Chinese herb medicine compound library and found Eriocalyxin B (EB), a diterpenoid from Isodon eriocalyx, as a specific inhibitor of STAT3. EB selectively inhibited constitutive as well as IL-6-induced phosphorylation of STAT3 and induced apoptosis of STAT3-dependent tumor cells. EB did not affect the upstream protein tyrosine kinases or the phosphatase (PTPase) of STAT3, but rather interacted directly with STAT3. The effects of EB could be abolished by DTT or GSH, suggesting a thiol-mediated covalent linkage between EB and STAT3. Site mutagenesis of cysteine in and near the SH2 domain of STAT3 identified Cys712 to be the critical amino acid for the EB-induced inactivation of STAT3. Furthermore, LC/MS/MS analyses demonstrated that an α, β-unsaturated carbonyl of EB covalently interacted with the Cys712 of STAT3. Computational modeling analyses also supported a direct interaction between EB and the Cys712 of STAT3. These data strongly suggest that EB directly targets STAT3 through a covalent linkage to inhibit the phosphorylation and activation of STAT3 and induces apoptosis of STAT3-dependent tumor cells.</p></div

EB did not enhance the activity of tyrosine phosphatases.

<p><b>(A)</b> A549 cells were stimulated by IL-6 (10 ng/ml) for 15 min. The media were then replaced by fresh media without IL-6 and incubated with or without EB (20 μM) for different time periods (0–240 min). Whole cell lysates were processed for western blot analysis using antibodies as indicated. <b>(B)</b> A549 cells were pre-treated with sodium orthovanadate (50 μM), EB (20 μM) or their mixture for 2 h, then stimulated with IL-6 for 15 min. Whole cell lysates were processed for western blot analysis using antibodies as indicated.</p

Comparison between urban and rural residents.

Comparison between urban and rural residents.</p

Heterogeneity analysis.

Heterogeneity analysis.</p