4,604 research outputs found
Angular Momentum of a Brane-world Model
In this paper we discuss the properties of the general covariant angular
momentum of a five-dimensional brane-world model. Through calculating the total
angular momentum of this model, we are able to analyze the properties of the
total angular momentum in the inflationary RS model. We show that the
space-like components of the total angular momentum of are all zero while the
others are non-zero, which agrees with the results from ordinary RS model.Comment: 8 pages; accepted by Chinese Physics
The deflection of charged massive particles by a 4-Dimensional charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black hole
Based on the Jacobi metric method, this paper studies the deflection of a
charged massive particle by a novel 4-dimensional charged Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet
black hole. We focus on the weak-filed approximation and consider the
deflection angle with finite-distance effects, i.e. the source and observer at
finite distances from the black hole. To this end, we use a geometric and
topological method, which is to apply the Gauss-Bonnet theorem to the
Jacobi-metric surface to calculate the deflection angle. We find that the
deflection angle contains a pure gravitational contribution , a pure
electrostatic one and a gravitational-electrostatic coupling term
. We also show that the electrostatic contribution can
also be computed by the Jacobi-metric method using the GB theorem to a charge
in a Minkowski flat spacetime background. We find that the deflection angle
increases(decreases) if the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant is
negative(positive). Furthermore, the effects of the BH charge, the particle
charge-to-mass ratio and the particle velocity on the deflection angle are
analyzed.Comment: 11 pages, 5 Figures; conclusion part improved and reference adde
Spontaneous edge-defect formation and defect-induced conductance suppression in graphene nanoribbons
We present a first-principles study of the migration and recombination of
edge defects (carbon adatom and/or vacancy) and their influence on electrical
conductance in zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs). It is found that at room
temperature, the adatom is quite mobile while the vacancy is almost immobile
along the edge of ZGNRs. The recombination of an adatom-vacancy pair leads to a
pentagon-heptagon ring defect structure having a lower energy than the perfect
edge, implying that such an edge-defect can be formed spontaneously. This edge
defect can suppresses the conductance of ZGNRs drastically, which provides some
useful hints for understanding the observed semiconducting behavior of the
fabricated narrow GNRs.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PR
Dirac Fermion in Strongly-Bound Graphene Systems
It is highly desirable to integrate graphene into existing semiconductor
technology, where the combined system is thermodynamically stable yet maintain
a Dirac cone at the Fermi level. Firstprinciples calculations reveal that a
certain transition metal (TM) intercalated graphene/SiC(0001), such as the
strongly-bound graphene/intercalated-Mn/SiC, could be such a system. Different
from free-standing graphene, the hybridization between graphene and Mn/SiC
leads to the formation of a dispersive Dirac cone of primarily TM d characters.
The corresponding Dirac spectrum is still isotropic, and the transport behavior
is nearly identical to that of free-standing graphene for a bias as large as
0.6 V, except that the Fermi velocity is half that of graphene. A simple model
Hamiltonian is developed to qualitatively account for the physics of the
transfer of the Dirac cone from a dispersive system (e.g., graphene) to an
originally non-dispersive system (e.g., TM).Comment: Apr 25th, 2012 submitte
Detecting Adversarial Examples from Sensitivity Inconsistency of Spatial-Transform Domain
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to be vulnerable against
adversarial examples (AEs), which are maliciously designed to cause dramatic
model output errors. In this work, we reveal that normal examples (NEs) are
insensitive to the fluctuations occurring at the highly-curved region of the
decision boundary, while AEs typically designed over one single domain (mostly
spatial domain) exhibit exorbitant sensitivity on such fluctuations. This
phenomenon motivates us to design another classifier (called dual classifier)
with transformed decision boundary, which can be collaboratively used with the
original classifier (called primal classifier) to detect AEs, by virtue of the
sensitivity inconsistency. When comparing with the state-of-the-art algorithms
based on Local Intrinsic Dimensionality (LID), Mahalanobis Distance (MD), and
Feature Squeezing (FS), our proposed Sensitivity Inconsistency Detector (SID)
achieves improved AE detection performance and superior generalization
capabilities, especially in the challenging cases where the adversarial
perturbation levels are small. Intensive experimental results on ResNet and VGG
validate the superiority of the proposed SID
Cochlear homeostasis and its role in genetic deafness
AbstractEach component of the human ear performs a specific function in hearing. The actual process of sound transduction takes place in the auditory portion of the inner ear, the fluid-filled cochlea. In the cochlea, the sensitivity and efficiency of sensory apparatus to convert mechanical energy into neural activity, largely depends on the fluidic and ionic environment. In the lateral wall of cochlea, the secretory epithelium stria vascularis plays an important role in the maintenance of fluidic and ionic homeostasis. A variety of gene mutations disturbs the cochlear homeostasis and subsequently leads to hearing impairment. The review covers several aspects of cochlear homeostasis, from cochlear fluid and the functional role of stria vascularis, cochlear K+recycling and its molecular substrates to genetic deafness with abnormal cochlear homeostasis
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