Poly(pentafluorobenzyl 2‐ylidene‐acetate): Polymerization and Postpolymerization Modification

The polymerization of 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl 2-diazoacetate is conducted at ambient temperature and catalyzed by [(l-prolinate)RhI(1,5-dimethyl-1,5-cyclooctadiene)] or [(l-prolinate)RhI(1,5-cyclooctadiene)] yielding C1 polymers with molecular weights of 3000–4000 g mol−1 and dispersity between 1.1 and 1.3. Incorporation of the pentafluorobenzyl group into the C1 polymer results in a different solubility when compare to its C2 analog poly(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl methacrylate). Efficient postmodifications via para-fluoro-thiol reaction with different thiols are conducted with this C1 polymethylene

Interactions between halotolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under saline stress

Background and aimsSoil salinity negatively affects crop development. Halotolerant nitrogen-fixing bacteria (HNFB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are essential microorganisms that enhance crop nutrient availability and salt tolerance in saline soils. Studying the impact of HNFB on AMF communities and using HNFB in biofertilizers can help in selecting the optimal HNFB-AMF combinations to improve crop productivity in saline soils.MethodsWe established three experimental groups comprising apple plants treated with low-nitrogen (0 mg N/kg, N0), normal-nitrogen (200 mg N/kg, N1), and high-nitrogen (300 mg N/kg, N2) fertilizer under salt stress without bacteria (CK, with the addition of 1,500 mL sterile water +2 g sterile diatomite), or with bacteria [BIO, with the addition of 1,500 mL sterile water +2 g mixed bacterial preparation (including Bacillus subtilis HG-15 and Bacillus velezensis JC-K3)].ResultsHNFB inoculation significantly increased microbial biomass and the relative abundance of beta-glucosidase-related genes in the rhizosphere soil under identical nitrogen application levels (p < 0.05). High-nitrogen treatment significantly reduced AMF diversity and the relative abundance of beta-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and urea-related genes. A two-way analysis of variance showed that combined nitrogen application and HNFB treatment could significantly affect soil physicochemical properties and rhizosphere AMF abundance (p < 0.05). Specifically, HNFB application resulted in a significantly higher relative abundance of Glomus-MO-G17-VTX00114 compared to that in the CK group at equal nitrogen levels.ConclusionThe impact of HNFB on the AMF community in apple rhizospheres is influenced by soil nitrogen levels. The study reveals how varying nitrogen levels mediate the relationship between exogenous HNFB, soil properties, and rhizosphere microbes

Geomorphometric multi-scale analysis for the automatic detection of linear structures on the lunar surface

Moon surface features have great significance in understanding and reconstructing the lunar geological evolution. Linear structures like rilles and ridges are closely related to the internal forced tectonic movement. The extremely rare availability of samples and the difficulty for field works make remote sensing the most important approach for planetary studies. New and advanced lunar probes launched by China, U.S., Japan and India provide nowadays a lot of high-quality data, especially in the form of high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), bringing new opportunities and challenges for feature extraction on the moon. The aim of this study is to recognize and extract lunar features using geomorphometric analysis based on multi-scale parameters and multi-resolution DTMs. The considered digital datasets include CE-1-LAM (Chang'E One, Laser Altimeter) data with resolution of 500 m/pix, LRO-WAC (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Wide Angle Camera) data with resolution of 100 m/pix, LRO-LOLA (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter) data with resolution of 60 m/pix, and LRO-NAC (Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, Narrow Angle Camera) data with resolution of 2-5 m/pix. We introduced landform curvature to recognize the linear structures including Rilles and Ridges. Different window scales and thresholds are considered for feature extraction. Quantitative analyses of the test results in the study area show that the automatic extraction method of linear structures based on landform curvature is effective and feasible; the results can provide important reference for the lunar surface linear structural interpretation and improve the structural interpretation efficiency and accuracy

Application and Popularization of New Green Prevention and Control Technology for Greenhouse Vegetables in Shouguang City, Shandong Province

In recent years, through financial subsidies, Shouguang City has promoted the application of electrostatic sprayer, dual-purpose fog and mist sprinkler machine, Bacillus cereus, flame disinfection service based on fine rotary tillage and multi-functional plant protection machine and other new green prevention and control products and technologies for the greenhouse vegetable in the city. As a result, the utilization rate of pesticides was increased by more than 5%, and the application rate was reduced by more than 10%

Research on an Anthropomorphic Phantom for Evaluation of the Medical Device Electromagnetic Field Exposure SAR

A medical device will emit electromagnetic radiation to its surrounding environment either actively or passively. However, clinicians are unaware as to whether the ambient electromagnetic radiation will exceed the human body’s endurance capacity. In this paper, the mathematical model of electromagnetic parameters devoted to Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) testing of medical devices was established using a Debye Model. Body liquids featuring dielectric properties including the conductivity and permittivity of tissues at various body parts were simulated on the basis of results derived from the model. A simplified anthropomorphic phantom for the SAR test was founded on the basis of geometric parameters by following the principles of resemblance and consistent conductivity. A full-band electromagnetic mathematical model of brain, muscle, heart, lungs, stomach, and kidneys was set up. Electromagnetic radiation levels of a wearable Electrocardiograph monitoring device were measured and found that the maximum electric field intensity was up to 30 V/m, and the electromagnetic radiation SAR value was 0.96 W/kg, which were equivalent to the electromagnetic radiation exposure of the occupational group. The results established that electromagnetic radiation of certain medical devices exceeded the allowed values specified by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, further studies within the field of medicine are required to decide whether additional evaluation measures should be required

Molecular Structuring of Novel Chiral Polymers via Cyclophane-based Monomer Design Strategies

Structuring soft matter with precise control over molecular arrangements, nanoscale morphologies, especially aiming at functional polymers featuring chirality or helicity, responsiveness, and other features, has been a great research objective, which yet remains a challenging task. In this research work, we developed new design strategies for molecular structuring of an entirely new class of chiral polymers based on [2.2]paracyclophane derivatives. The grafting of tunable functional moieties onto [2.2]paracyclophane enables post-polymerization modification, where diverse perspective applications can be envisioned. In particular, chiral vinyl[2.2]paracyclophane and [2.2]paracyclophane-substituted diazoacetate give novel poly[2.2]paracyclophanylethenes and poly[2.2]paracyclophanylmethenes, respectively