Experimental Study on Thermal Performance Improvement of Envelop Integrated with Phase Change Material in Air-conditioned Room

Compared with the traditional building envelope, the thermal mass of building envelope integrated with phase change material is increased greatly, which would reduce the building energy consumption, improve thermal comfort, and shift the peak electricity load. Due to latent heat energy storage when phase changing, the wall integrated with PCM can release heat storage or cold storage to maintain the indoor thermal environment for a period of time after closing the air conditioning. This work presents the results of an experimental study of thermal performances of wall integrated with PCM and without PCM when the air condition runs continuously and intermittently. A building with these two kinds of walls is chosen and the inner surface temperature and heat flow are measured. The building have a domestic heat pump as a cooling system. The results show that the PCM can reduce the inner surface temperature 1℃, and reduce the inner surface heat flow about 40% when the air condition runs continuously. When the air condition runs intermittently by the working schedule, the PCM can also reduce the inner surface temperature 1℃, and the cold storage releasing time of wall integrated with PCM is 2 hours longer than wall without PCM. The PCM can improved the thermal performance of building envelop significantly

NIR Hyperspectral Imaging for Mapping of Moisture Content Distribution in Tea Buds during Dehydration

This work employed hyperspectral imaging technique to map the spatial distribution of moisture content (MC) in tea buds during dehydration. Hyperspectral images (874–1734 nm) of tea buds were acquired in six dehydrated periods (0, 3, 6, 9, 14 and 21 min) at 80°C. The spectral reflectance of tea buds were extracted from region of interests (ROIs) in the hyperspectral images. Competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS) was used to select effective wavelengths (EWs) and ten representing the wavelengths were selected. The quantitative relationship between spectral reflectance and the measured MC values of tea buds was built using partial least square regression (PLSR) based on full spectra and EWs. The quantitative model established using EWs, which had a result of coefficient of correlation (RP) of 0.941 and root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 5.31%, was considered as the optimal model for mapping MC distribution. The optimal model was finally applied to predict the MC of each pixel within of the tea bud sample and built the MC distribution maps by utilization of a developed image processing procedure. Results demonstrated that the hyperspectral imaging technique has the potential of mapping the MC spatial distribution in tea buds in dehydrated process

Joint Coverage and Power Control in Highly Dynamic and Massive UAV Networks: An Aggregative Game-theoretic Learning Approach

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) ad-hoc network is a significant contingency plan for communication after a natural disaster, such as typhoon and earthquake. To achieve efficient and rapid networks deployment, we employ noncooperative game theory and amended binary log-linear algorithm (BLLA) seeking for the Nash equilibrium which achieves the optimal network performance. We not only take channel overlap and power control into account but also consider coverage and the complexity of interference. However, extensive UAV game theoretical models show limitations in post-disaster scenarios which require large-scale UAV network deployments. Besides, the highly dynamic post-disaster scenarios cause strategies updating constraint and strategy-deciding error on UAV ad-hoc networks. To handle these problems, we employ aggregative game which could capture and cover those characteristics. Moreover, we propose a novel synchronous payoff-based binary log-linear learning algorithm (SPBLLA) to lessen information exchange and reduce time consumption. Ultimately, the experiments indicate that, under the same strategy-deciding error rate, SPBLLA's learning rate is manifestly faster than that of the revised BLLA. Hence, the new model and algorithm are more suitable and promising for large-scale highly dynamic scenarios

Future Climate Change Will Have a Positive Effect on Populus Davidiana in China

Since climate change significantly affects global biodiversity, a reasonable assessment of the vulnerability of species in response to climate change is crucial for conservation. Most existing methods estimate the impact of climate change on the vulnerability of species by projecting the change of a species’ distribution range. This single-component evaluation ignores the impact of other components on vulnerability. In this study, Populus davidiana (David’s aspen), a tree species widely used in afforestation projects, was selected as the research subject under four future climate change scenarios (representative concentration pathway (RCP)2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5). Exposure components of range change as well as the degree of fragmentation, degree of human disturbance, and degree of protection were considered simultaneously. Then, a multicomponent vulnerability index was established to assess the effect of future climate change on the vulnerability of P. davidiana in China. The results show that the distribution range of P. davidiana will expand to the northwest of China under future climate change scenarios, which will lead to an increased degree of protection and a decreased degree of human disturbance, and hardly any change in the degree of fragmentation. The multicomponent vulnerability index values of P. davidiana under the four emission scenarios are all positive by 2070, ranging from 14.05 to 38.18, which fully indicates that future climate change will be conducive to the survival of P. davidiana. This study provides a reference for the development of conservation strategies for the species as well as a methodological case study for multicomponent assessment of species vulnerability to future climate change

Comparative Study of In-situ Test and Laboratory Test on Material Reflectivity

AbstractThis paper gives the theory algorithm of material reflectivity, and works out the in-situ material reflectivity combined with in-situ conditions, researches the influence rules of material's reflectivity under practical solar radiation intensity, and the feasibility of this simple in-situ test method is researched by the comparison of in-situ test result and laboratory test result

Synergistic effect of a combination of granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and thymosin α1 on Lewis lung cancer transplanted tumor in mice

Purpose: To study the synergistic effect of a combination of granulocyte-macrophage colonystimulating factor and thymosin-α1 on the treatment of Lewis lung cancer transplanted tumor.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were used. A mouse model of Lewis lung cancer was established using Lewis lung cancer cell lines. The mice were randomly divided into blank control group, polyene taxol (DTX) group, DTX thymosin α1 (Tα-1) group, and DTX granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) group, with 8 mice per group. The degree of tumor inhibition, thymus mass, thymus index, spleen mass, spleen index, IL-6, TNF-1, IFN-1, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were determined by ELISA and flow cytometry.Results: Body mass, thymus mass, thymus index, spleen mass, spleen index, IL-6, TNF-1, IFN-1, CD4+, CD8+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in DTX + Tα-1 group, DTX + GM-CSF group and DTX + Tα-1 + GM-CSF group were significantly elevated (p < 0.05), relative to the corresponding levels in DTXmice (p < 0.05). Body mass, degree of tumor inhibition, thymus mass, thymus index, spleen mass, spleen index, IL-6, TNF-1, IFN-1, CD4, CD8 T cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in DTX + Tα-1 + GM-CSF mice were significantly elevated, relative to the DTX + Tα-1 and DTX + GM-CSF groups (p < 0.05). Thestate of the tumor was significantly improved in the DTX + Tα-1 and DTX + GM-CSF mice.Conclusion: A combination treatment of GM-CSF, Tα-1 and DEX effectively enhances the resistance of mice and suppresses chemotherapy-induced decrease in body weight. This finding may be of clinical significance. Keywords: Granulocyte macrophage, Colony-stimulating factor, Thymosin, Docetaxel, Lewis lung cancer, Transplanted tumo

A Conceptual Framework for Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Regulating Ontogenetic Allometry

Although ontogenetic changes in body shape and its associated allometry has been studied for over a century, essentially nothing is known about their underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms. One of the reasons for this ignorance is the unavailability of a conceptual framework to formulate the experimental design for data collection and statistical models for data analyses. We developed a framework model for unraveling the genetic machinery for ontogenetic changes of allometry. The model incorporates the mathematical aspects of ontogenetic growth and allometry into a maximum likelihood framework for quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. As a quantitative platform, the model allows for the testing of a number of biologically meaningful hypotheses to explore the pleiotropic basis of the QTL that regulate ontogeny and allometry. Simulation studies and real data analysis of a live example in soybean have been performed to investigate the statistical behavior of the model and validate its practical utilization. The statistical model proposed will help to study the genetic architecture of complex phenotypes and, therefore, gain better insights into the mechanistic regulation for developmental patterns and processes in organisms

Interactive Free-Viewpoint Video Generation

Background Free-viewpoint video (FVV) is processed video content in which viewers can freely select the viewing position and angle. FVV delivers an improved visual experience and can also help synthesize special effects and virtual reality content. In this paper, a complete FVV system is proposed to interactively control the viewpoints of video relay programs through multimedia terminals such as computers and tablets. Methods The hardware of the FVV generation system is a set of synchronously controlled cameras, and the software generates videos in novel viewpoints from the captured video using view interpolation. The interactive interface is designed to visualize the generated video in novel viewpoints and enable the viewpoint to be changed interactively. Results Experiments show that our system can synthesize plausible videos in intermediate viewpoints with a view range of up to 180°