Clinical efficacy of a combination of propofol and etomidate in pediatric anesthesia, and its effect on vital indices in patients

Purpose: To study the clinical effectiveness of a combination of propofol and etomidate as pediatric anesthesia, and its influence on some vital factors in the patients.Methods: A total of 104 children who underwent appendectomy, hepatobiliary surgery and excision of bone tumor in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China from June 2018 to June 2020, were selected for this retrospective study. The patients were divided into groups A, B and C. In group A, 40 patients received the combination of propofol and etomidate, 32 patients received propofol only, while group C comprised 32 patients who received etomidate only. Vital indices such as anesthesia induction time, wake-up time after surgery, anesthetic effect, and adverse reactions were determined.Results: In group A, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were improved; anesthesia induction time and wake-up time after surgery were shorter, and anesthetic effect was more obvious in children with grades I and II. However, there was no grade III anesthetic effect, although there was a lower incidence of adverse reactions in this group.Conclusion: The use of a combination of propofol and etomidate results in higher clinical efficacy of pediatric anesthesia than either propofol or etomidate alone. Furthermore, the combination produces better quality of vital indices in the patients

Clinical efficacy of a combination of propofol and etomidate in pediatric anesthesia, and its effect on vital indices in patients

Purpose: To study the clinical effectiveness of a combination of propofol and etomidate as pediatricanesthesia, and its influence on some vital factors in the patients.Methods: A total of 104 children who underwent appendectomy, hepatobiliary surgery and excision ofbone tumor in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China from June 2018 to June 2020, were selected for this retrospective study. The patients were divided into groups A, B and C. In group A, 40 patients received the combination of propofol and etomidate, 32 patients received propofol only, while group C comprised 32 patients who received etomidate only. Vital indices such asanesthesia induction time, wake-up time after surgery, anesthetic effect, and adverse reactions were determined.Results: In group A, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were improved; anesthesia induction time and wake-up time after surgery were shorter, and anesthetic effect was more obvious in children with grades I and II. However, there was no grade III anesthetic effect, although there was a lower incidence of adverse reactions in this group.Conclusion: The use of a combination of propofol and etomidate results in higher clinical efficacy of pediatric anesthesia than either propofol or etomidate alone. Furthermore, the combination produces better quality of vital indices in the patient

Difference in percentage between SQ and ImageJ.

Difference in percentage between SQ and ImageJ measured for the metrics of total area, total intensity, stained area, and stained intensity in the batch of 50 samples for Alizarin Red, Von Kossa, and external validation, respectively. The red line is the average of difference in percentage and the value is shown in each graph. (PDF)</p

Reprehensive images ROI and positive stain recognition of SQ tool of histological calcification images.

(A) Reprehensive images of stem cell pellets underwent osteogenic differentiation with Alizarin Red, and (B) Reprehensive images of stem cell pellets Von Kossa staining (bar = 200 μm). Original images can be found in S2A Fig (n = 50 for AR) and S2B Fig (n = 50 for VK). (C-E) External Validation calcification-stained images: to validate the ROI auto-recognition function of SQ algorithm, we collected histological images from published papers about mineralization of chondrogenic pellets (C), brachiocephalic artery study, bone biology study, bone developmental biology study (D), and vascular calcification study (E). These images are all stained with von kossa to identify tissue calcification, and counterstained with hematoxylin erosion (H&E), or von Kossa/McNeal’s tetrachrome staining. Original images of EV images (n = 50) are listed in S2C Fig, with permissions of reprint.</p

Smart Nucleic Acid Hydrogels with High Stimuli-Responsiveness in Biomedical Fields

Due to their hydrophilic, biocompatible and adjustability properties, hydrogels have received a lot of attention. The introduction of nucleic acids has made hydrogels highly stimuli-responsiveness and they have become a new generation of intelligent biomaterials. In this review, the development and utilization of smart nucleic acid hydrogels (NAHs) with a high stimulation responsiveness were elaborated systematically. We discussed NAHs with a high stimuli-responsiveness, including pure NAHs and hybrid NAHs. In particular, four stimulation factors of NAHs were described in details, including pH, ions, small molecular substances, and temperature. The research progress of nucleic acid hydrogels in biomedical applications in recent years is comprehensively discussed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges facing the future development of nucleic acid hydrogels are also discussed

Pearson’s coefficient between SQ and ImageJ.

Pearson’s coefficient between SQ (x axis) and ImageJ (y axis) measured for the metrics of total area, total intensity, stained area, and stained intensity in the three batches of 50 samples for Alizarin Red, Von Kossa, and external validation, respectively. The blue line is the diagonal line with slope = 1. Pearson’s coefficient is shown in the lower right of each graph.</p

Evaluation metrics of SQ tool compared with ImageJ in multi-levels.

Evaluation metrics of SQ tool compared with ImageJ in multi-levels.</p

Comparison of HOS transformation with Otsu’s method and Triclass thresholding.

A comparison of HOS transformation with two traditional segmentation methods. HOS transformation outperformed the other two methods in three different scenarios which stand for most representative problems in histological images of Alizarin Red Stating from stem cell pellet underwent osteogenic differentiation, bar = 200 μm. Pixel values of the identified region were displayed in each graph. Scenario 1 shows that when the image contains dirty background and tiny positive stained signal, in the meantime, the dirty background might have stronger intensity than the ROI, the former two methods were unable to clear dirty background or outline the ROI exclusively. Scenario 2 shows that when there is no positive stained signal and the dirty background was completely blended with the ROI, the overlapping area cannot be distinguished or the method failed to outline the ROI. SQ algorithm successfully segmented the blending dirt and gave clear ROI outline. Scenario 3 shows that when the image contains massive positive stained signal, the former two methods would usually miss some part of ROI (e.g., some weak signals) since the color contrast is too strong.</p

Experiments on the gas production of brown coal degraded by exogenous methanogens

To investigate the ability of exogenous bacteria to degrade brown coal, methanogens were enriched from anaerobic sludge and domesticated using brown coal as carbon source. After domestication, the lag time of initial gas production is shortened from 12 to 6 days and the CH4 production increased by 29.2% in 30 days. The generated biogas is composed of CH4 and a little CO2, no heavy hydrocarbons are detected. Experiments on gas production influencing factors demonstrate that the best initial pH for the culture medium is 7.0 and the maximum gas production is 1.9 times and 2.4 times higher than that at pH 6.4 and pH 7.4, respectively. The particle size of coal is one of factors influencing the gas production: the general trend is the smaller the particle size, the bigger the gas production, but the variation of gas production is not significant with decreasing particle size. Gas produced by the culture medium accounts for around 50% of the total gas production and it is likely caused by the addition of L-cysteine (0.5 g/L) and yeast extract (1 g/L) to the medium. Key words: methanogen, brown coal, exogenous bacteria, domestication, coal-derived ga