Design guidelines for spatial modulation

A new class of low-complexity, yet energyefficient Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission techniques, namely the family of Spatial Modulation (SM) aided MIMOs (SM-MIMO) has emerged. These systems are capable of exploiting the spatial dimensions (i.e. the antenna indices) as an additional dimension invoked for transmitting information, apart from the traditional Amplitude and Phase Modulation (APM). SM is capable of efficiently operating in diverse MIMO configurations in the context of future communication systems. It constitutes a promising transmission candidate for large-scale MIMO design and for the indoor optical wireless communication whilst relying on a single-Radio Frequency (RF) chain. Moreover, SM may also be viewed as an entirely new hybrid modulation scheme, which is still in its infancy. This paper aims for providing a general survey of the SM design framework as well as of its intrinsic limits. In particular, we focus our attention on the associated transceiver design, on spatial constellation optimization, on link adaptation techniques, on distributed/ cooperative protocol design issues, and on their meritorious variants

Low-mass Active Galactic Nuclei on the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Activity

It is widely known that in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and black hole X-ray binaries (BHXBs), there is a tight correlation among their radio luminosity ($L_R$), X-ray luminosity ($L_X$) and BH mass (\mbh), the so-called `fundamental plane' (FP) of BH activity. Yet the supporting data are very limited in the \mbh regime between stellar mass (i.e., BHXBs) and 10$^{6.5}$\,\msun\ (namely, the lower bound of supermassive BHs in common AGNs). In this work, we developed a new method to measure the 1.4 GHz flux directly from the images of the VLA FIRST survey, and apply it to the type-1 low-mass AGNs in the \cite{2012ApJ...755..167D} sample. As a result, we obtained 19 new low-mass AGNs for FP research with both \mbh\ estimates (\mbh \approx 10^{5.5-6.5}\,\msun), reliable X-ray measurements, and (candidate) radio detections, tripling the number of such candidate sources in the literature.Most (if not all) of the low-mass AGNs follow the standard radio/X-ray correlation and the universal FP relation fitted with the combined dataset of BHXBs and supermassive AGNs by \citet{2009ApJ...706..404G}; the consistency in the radio/X-ray correlation slope among those accretion systems supports the picture that the accretion and ejection (jet) processes are quite similar in all accretion systems of different \mbh. In view of the FP relation, we speculate that the radio loudness $\mathcal{R}$ (i.e., the luminosity ratio of the jet to the accretion disk) of AGNs depends not only on Eddington ratio, but probably also on \mbh.Comment: ApJ accepte

Boundary Contributions of On-shell Recursion Relations With Multiple-line Deformation

On-shell recursion relation has been recognized as a powerful tool for calculating tree level amplitudes in quantum field theory, but it doesn't work well when the residue of the deformed amplitude $\hat{A}(z)$ doesn't vanish at infinity of $z$. However, in such situation, we still can get the right amplitude by computing the boundary contribution explicitly. In arXiv:0801.2385, background field method was first used to analyze the boundary behaviors of amplitudes with two deformed external lines in different theories. The same method has also been generalized to calculate the explicit boundary operators of some amplitudes with BCFW-like deformation in arXiv:1507.00463. In this paper, we will take a step further to generalize the method into the case of multiple-line deformation, and to show how the boundary behaviors (even the boundary contributions) can be extracted in the method.Comment: 20 pages, 6 figure

Complexity growth rates for AdS black holes in massive gravity and f(R)f(R) gravity

The "complexity = action" duality states that the quantum complexity is equal to the action of the stationary AdS black holes within the Wheeler-DeWitt patch at late time approximation. We compute the action growth rates of the neutral and charged black holes in massive gravity and the neutral, charged and Kerr-Newman black holes in $f(R)$ gravity to test this conjecture. Besides, we investigate the effects of the massive graviton terms, higher derivative terms and the topology of the black hole horizon on the complexity growth rate.Comment: 11 pages, no figur

Effects of polymer additives in the bulk of turbulent thermal convection

We present experimental evidence that a minute amount of polymer additives can significantly enhance heat transport in the bulk region of turbulent thermal convection. The effects of polymer additives are found to be the \textit{suppression} of turbulent background fluctuations that give rise to incoherent heat fluxes that make no net contribution to heat transport, and at the same time to \textit{increase} the coherency of temperature and velocity fields. The suppression of small-scale turbulent fluctuations leads to more coherent thermal plumes that result in the heat transport enhancement. The fact that polymer additives can increase the coherency of thermal plumes is supported by the measurements of a number of local quantities, such as the extracted plume amplitude and width, the velocity autocorrelation functions and the velocity-temperature cross-correlation coefficient. The results from local measurements also suggest the existence of a threshold value for the polymer concentration, only above which can significant modification of the plume coherent properties and enhancement of the local heat flux be observed. Estimation of the plume emission rate suggests that the second effect of polymer additives is to stabilize the thermal boundary layers.Comment: 8 figures, 11 page

Improving thermoelectric properties of p-type Bi2Te3-based alloys by spark plasma sintering

AbstractHigh-performance (Bi2Te3)x(Sb2Te3)1−x bulk materials were prepared by combining fusion technique with spark plasma sintering, and their thermoelectric properties were investigated. The electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient increase greatly and the thermal conductivity decreases significantly with the increase of Bi2Te3 content, which leads to a great improvement in the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT. The maximum ZT value reaches 1.33 at 398 K for the composition of 20%Bi2Te3-80%Sb2Te3 with 3% (mass fraction) excess Te