Geochemical characteristics of water-dissolved gases and implications on gas origin of Sinian to Cambrian reservoirs of Anyue gas field in Sichuan Basin, China

The Anyue field is a supergiant gas field which was discovered recently in the Sichuan Basin, China where the Sinian Dengying Formation and the Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation are principal gas reservoirs. Gas in the Anyue field contains mainly methane (>98%) and a low content of heavy hydrocarbons, with minor H2S component. Reservoirs commonly contain bitumen and produce formation water. It is currently suggested that natural gas in the Anyue field is derived from the secondary cracking of crude oil. However, carbon isotopic ratio of methane is significantly less negative than that of bitumen, which contradicts the isotopic signature oil cracking process would predict. Besides, this phenomenon also cannot be explained by the process of thermochemical sulphate reduction (TSR), because there is no remarkable correlation between the δ13C1 values and H2S contents as suggested in previous studies. Both free gas and water-dissolved gas from the Anyue gas field were analyzed in this study for their stable isotopes. Results show that the δ13C1 of the gas derived from the formation water is much less negative than that of free gas. Therefore, it is inferred that the less negative δ13C1 values in the free gas reservoir are attributable to addition of natural gas that is previously dissolved in formation water. Geological setting of the gas reservoirs in Dengying and Longwangmiao formations of the Anyue gas field is favorable for the formation and preservation of water-dissolved gas. In addition, both formations had experienced significant structural uplifting before the gas reservoirs were formed. Reduced temperature and pressure in the formations by geological uplifting could cause super-saturation of methane in the formation water, and as a consequence, water-dissolved methane gas could exsolve from water phase into gas phase. Therefore, it is concluded that natural gas in the Anyue field is a mixture of free gas and gas exsolved from the formation water. As a result, the carbon isotope of methane gas in the Anyue field became less negative than that of a single free gas component would predict

Formation mechanism of tight coal-derived-gas reservoirs with medium-low abundance in Xujiahe Formation, central Sichuan Basin, China

Although Xujiahe Formation source rocks in the central Sichuan Basin, China were determined to have low gas-generation intensity, several large-scale gas fields have been found associated with this formation. Thus origins and formation mechanisms of natural gas in the Xujiahe Formation have attracted attentions of many researchers. In this study, geochemistry techniques were deployed to analyze natural gas and formation water in the Xujiahe Formation tight gas reservoir, central Sichuan Basin. By considering geologic background of the gas reservoir, its formation mechanism was investigated. Research results show that the Xujiahe Formation reservoir contains an independent petroleum system, with its natural gas exclusively originated from coal-measure source rocks in the Xujiahe Formation. The formation water was determined to be CaCl2 type with high salinity. H and O isotope values are largely deviated from those of meteoric water line, indicating favorable preservation conditions for the formation water. The Xujiahe Formation is composed of multiple coal-measure source rocks and superimposed by tight sandstones. The well-developed formation water provides favorable conditions for generating water-dissolved gas. Structural movements during the Himalayan period induced significant uplifting of the central Sichuan Basin with overlying formations denudated. Consequently, natural gas dissolved in formation water experienced depressurization and exsolution. The released natural gas formed free gas phase in structural highs or provided additional natural gas supplies to existing gas reservoirs

Tracing interaction between hydrocarbon and groundwater systems with isotope signatures preserved in the Anyue gas field, central Sichuan Basin, China

Anyue gas field is a large gas field located in the central Sichuan Basin, China. Although many studies have been carried out previously, the formation mechanism of this field is unclear and currently under debate. To better understand the accumulation history, the role that groundwater plays in transporting hydrocarbons within sedimentary basins and water-gas interactions, stable and noble gas isotopes were measured in thirteen free gas samples from the Anyue gas field. In addition, nine formation water samples and five reservoir bitumen samples were analyzed for stable carbon isotopes. δ13C(CH4) values in the gas samples range from −35.0 to −32.6‰, showing evidence of thermogenic origin. δ13C values among three different types of samples (free gases, water-dissolved gases and reservoir bitumen) show a pattern that cannot be explained by oil cracking followed by free gas accumulation. It suggests the occurrence of gas-groundwater interaction in the Anyue field. Free gas samples can be divided into 2 distinct groups by their geographical locations and stratigraphical source formations. 3He/4He ratios (R/Ra) in group 1 and group 2 samples range from 0.0118 to 0.0132 and 0.0115 to 0.0256, respectively, indicating He is mainly derived from the crust. 20Ne/22Ne and 21Ne/22Ne ratios suggest a mixing between the air and crust sources. 40Ar/36Ar ratios ranging from 1658 to 2109 and 2168 to 5973 in group 1 and group 2 samples, respectively, are significantly higher than the air value of 298.6. In comparison, heavier noble gas (Kr and Xe) isotopic compositions are predominantly air-like. The relative enrichment of 4He and 21Ne* in group 1 samples can be possibly explained by preferential release of light noble gases in a low temperature environment. Samples in group 2 show a good fit to the solubility-controlled Rayleigh fractionation model, suggesting the presence of an open system degassing of gases from the groundwater. The excess heavy noble gases in natural gas samples can be attributed to the addition of sedimentary components from the source rocks during geological evolution. 4He groundwater ages considering in-situ production and external flux indicate the addition of young groundwater into the Anyue gas field. Low gas-groundwater ratios and high CH4/36Ar ratios suggest that only a small portion of the gases in the current Longwangmiao reservoir of Anyue gas field has been in contact with the relatively young groundwater. Based on the noble gas and stable carbon isotope results in all samples, we propose a two-stage gas and groundwater interaction process during the gas preservation and accumulation history in the Anyue gas field in China

Novel octopus shaped organic-inorganic composite membranes for PEMFCs

© 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.Phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazoles are among the most interesting proton exchange membrane materials for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell applications. As a major challenge the proton conducting decline due to free phosphoric acid leaching during the long term fuel cell operation is addressed by fixing overmuch phosphoric acid in the polymer matrix. Novel organic-inorganic composite membranes are prepared via in situ synthesis of poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) and OctaAmmonium POSS (AM-POSS) hybrid composites (ABPBI/AM-POSS) following phosphoric acid doping and membrane casting procedures. Compared with the pristine ABPBI membrane, the introduction of AM-POSS into ABPBI polymer membrane caused water and phosphoric acid absorbilities increasing dramatically, resulting in the significant increase of proton conductivities at whether hydrous or anhydrous condition. ABPBI/3AM composite membranes with phosphoric acid uptake above 250% showed best proton conductivities from room temperature to 160 °C, indicating these composite membranes could be excellent candidates as a polymer electrolyte membrane for low and intermediate temperature applications

Recurrent lung adenocarcinoma benefits from microwave ablation following multidisciplinary treatments: A case with long-term survival

Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death all over the world. Nowadays, there is a consensus that the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) prefers a combination of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment and individualized treatment, which can significantly improve the prognosis of patients. Here, we report a female patient with recurrence-prone NSCLC. She had a decade-long disease course, during which the lesion recurred twice and finally cured with Multi-Disciplinary Treatment (MDT). An elderly female patient was admitted to the hospital after diagnosis of lung cancer, and treated with surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. Five years later, suspicious lesions were found by computed tomography (CT) reexamination, and then confirmed tumor recurrence by puncture biopsy. Based on the genetic test results, gefitinib was used for subsequent targeted therapy, and the lesion gradually shrunk to disappear. However, the lesion appeared again two years later, after consultation the microwave ablation was adopted and the curative effect was excellent. At last, regular reexamination showed no abnormality, the patient has survived so far. The case proves the great benefit of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment, especially microwave ablation for patient with recurrence-prone NSCLC. And the effect of systemic anti-tumor immune response induced by microwave ablation on lung cancer also needs to be further explored

Maintenance Chemotherapy With Chinese Herb Medicine Formulas vs. With Placebo in Patients With Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer After First-Line Chemotherapy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial

Background: Chinese Herb Medicine Formulas (CHMF) was reported to improve the quality of life (QoL) in advanced NSCLC patients. The present study was designed to investigate whether maintenance chemotherapy plus CHMF in patients would improve QoL and progression-free survival (PFS).Methods: Seventy-one patients were enrolled from 8 medical centers in China, and were randomly assigned to a maintenance chemotherapy plus CHMF group (n = 35) or a maintenance chemotherapy plus placebo group (n = 36). The outcome measures included PFS, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) scores, QoL (assessed with the lung cancer symptom scale (LCSS) questionnaire), and adverse events (AEs).Results: Patients in the CHMF group showed significant improvements in median PFS (HR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.28–0.88, P = 0.019), KPS scores (P = 0.047), fatigue (cycle [C] 3: P = 0.03), interference with daily activities (C3: P = 0.04) and dyspnea (C2: P = 0.03) compared with patients in the placebo group. Compared with the placebo group, the incidence of AEs decreased in the CHMF group, including loss of appetite (C2: P = 0.011, C4: P = 0.004) and dry mouth (C4: P = 0.011).Conclusion: The essential finding of our study is that maintenance chemotherapy combined with CHMF may prolong PFS, relieve symptoms, improve QoL and alleviate the side effects

Designing biomass lignins for the biorefinery

4 páginas.- 3 figuras. 17 referencias.- Comunicación oral presentada en el 16th European Workshop on Lignocellulosics and Pulp (EWLP) Gothenburg, Sweden, June 28 – July 1, 2022As ever more component monomers are discovered, lignin can no longer be regarded as deriving from just the three canonical monolignols. Pathway intermediates and additional products of truncated biosynthesis are now established lignin monomers. The array of acylated monolignols continues to expand. Game-changing findings have demonstrated that phenolics from alternative pathways, including flavonoids and hydroxystilbenes, are also involved in lignification, expanding the traditional concept. Beyond the basic science intrigue, these findings propound exciting new avenues for valorizing lignins, or for producing more readily extractable or depolymerizable lignins, in crop and bioenergy plants.We further acknowledge lots of colleagues and collaborators, and funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (Synergia) grant # CRS115_180258, and the DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (DOE BER Office of Science DE-SC0018409).N

An Analysis of Organ Donation Presentations on Weibo

This thesis analyzes the presentation of organ donation organization on Weibo. This study used content analysis to find out the Love.Hope organ donation organization’s main content of Weibo’s content. The main content includes six themes. The theme of popularizing organ donation knowledge is the majority. Through analyzing the correlation of content of each themes with shares, likes, and comments. It is concluded that people are more inclined to engage with Weibo posts with popularization of organ donation knowledge and stories of organ donors and recipients, and people also concern about the organ supply and demand situation in China. It turns out that in China, knowledge about organ donation is still scarce, which may be one of the reasons for low donation rate. The organ donation organizations also tend to publish positive information or stories and people’s approval of this kind of information will also make a positive impression on organ donation. However, there are still lots of factors are restricting the development of organ donation in China. Our social media still has a long way to go in helping people to build up their values of organ donation

An Analysis of Organ Donation Presentations on Weibo

This thesis analyzes the presentation of organ donation organization on Weibo. This study used content analysis to find out the Love.Hope organ donation organization’s main content of Weibo’s content. The main content includes six themes. The theme of popularizing organ donation knowledge is the majority. Through analyzing the correlation of content of each themes with shares, likes, and comments. It is concluded that people are more inclined to engage with Weibo posts with popularization of organ donation knowledge and stories of organ donors and recipients, and people also concern about the organ supply and demand situation in China. It turns out that in China, knowledge about organ donation is still scarce, which may be one of the reasons for low donation rate. The organ donation organizations also tend to publish positive information or stories and people’s approval of this kind of information will also make a positive impression on organ donation. However, there are still lots of factors are restricting the development of organ donation in China. Our social media still has a long way to go in helping people to build up their values of organ donation