12,812 research outputs found
Implementing a mentorship group to encourage long-term treatment of opioid addiction
In 2012, Maine topped the nation’s list for prescription opioid abuse. For every 100 residents in the state, 22 prescriptions for opioid pain relievers were prescribed by the healthcare providers. There’s approximately 3,876 primary treatment admissions for prescription opioid abuse between 2009-2013. Since 2010, the number of people seeking treatment has increased 15%, but in order for patients to benefit the most from the suboxone/methadone treatment, it\u27s imperative to provide them with the social support they need, so they could stay in the treatment program long enough to have a significant health benefit.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/fmclerk/1066/thumbnail.jp
Network inference using asynchronously updated kinetic Ising Model
Network structures are reconstructed from dynamical data by respectively
naive mean field (nMF) and Thouless-Anderson-Palmer (TAP) approximations. For
TAP approximation, we use two methods to reconstruct the network: a) iteration
method; b) casting the inference formula to a set of cubic equations and
solving it directly. We investigate inference of the asymmetric Sherrington-
Kirkpatrick (S-K) model using asynchronous update. The solutions of the sets
cubic equation depend of temperature T in the S-K model, and a critical
temperature Tc is found around 2.1. For T < Tc, the solutions of the cubic
equation sets are composed of 1 real root and two conjugate complex roots while
for T > Tc there are three real roots. The iteration method is convergent only
if the cubic equations have three real solutions. The two methods give same
results when the iteration method is convergent. Compared to nMF, TAP is
somewhat better at low temperatures, but approaches the same performance as
temperature increase. Both methods behave better for longer data length, but
for improvement arises, TAP is well pronounced.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
The private capacity of quantum channels is not additive
Recently there has been considerable activity on the subject of additivity of
various quantum channel capacities. Here, we construct a family of channels
with sharply bounded classical, hence private capacity. On the other hand,
their quantum capacity when combined with a zero private (and zero quantum)
capacity erasure channel, becomes larger than the previous classical capacity.
As a consequence, we can conclude for the first time that the classical
private capacity is non-additive. In fact, in our construction even the quantum
capacity of the tensor product of two channels can be greater than the sum of
their individual classical private capacities.
We show that this violation occurs quite generically: every channel can be
embedded into our construction, and a violation occurs whenever the given
channel has larger entanglement assisted quantum capacity than (unassisted)
classical capacity.Comment: 4+4 pages, 2 eps figures. V2 has title and abstract changed; its new
structure reflects the final version of a main paper plus appendices
containing mathematical detail
Maximum Path Information and Fokker-Planck Equation
We present in this paper a rigorous method to derive the nonlinear
Fokker-Planck (FP) equation of anomalous diffusion directly from a
generalization of the principle of least action of Maupertuis proposed by Wang
for smooth or quasi-smooth irregular dynamics evolving in Markovian process.
The FP equation obtained may take two different but equivalent forms. It was
also found that the diffusion constant may depend on both q (the index of
Tsallis entropy) and the time t.Comment: 7 page
Divergence and Shannon information in genomes
Shannon information (SI) and its special case, divergence, are defined for a
DNA sequence in terms of probabilities of chemical words in the sequence and
are computed for a set of complete genomes highly diverse in length and
composition. We find the following: SI (but not divergence) is inversely
proportional to sequence length for a random sequence but is length-independent
for genomes; the genomic SI is always greater and, for shorter words and longer
sequences, hundreds to thousands times greater than the SI in a random sequence
whose length and composition match those of the genome; genomic SIs appear to
have word-length dependent universal values. The universality is inferred to be
an evolution footprint of a universal mode for genome growth.Comment: 4 pages, 3 tables, 2 figure
The Charitable Habits of Blood Donors
Introduction: There is a need for a constant supply of blood and blood products (e.g. plasma and platelets) in the American health care system. Common recipients of blood include: patients at risk for major hemorrhage, patients with sickle cell anemia, patients undergoing surgery, and thrombocytopenia in neonatal patients. This demand is met through nationwide blood banks, such as the American Red Cross, and their blood donation programs. The American Red Cross relies solely on volunteer donors; thus, one of the most pressing issues facing this institution is getting donors in the door. Through our survey questions we hope to uncover more factors that guide individuals in their philanthropic ways. The overall goal of this research is focused on unveiling new information that will supply the American Red Cross with valuable insight into their donor population and possible opportunities for joint publicity. We investigated the similarities and difference between how and why individuals undertake certain charitable activities.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1206/thumbnail.jp
Identifying progressive imaging genetic patterns via multi-task sparse canonical correlation analysis: a longitudinal study of the ADNI cohort
Motivation
Identifying the genetic basis of the brain structure, function and disorder by using the imaging quantitative traits (QTs) as endophenotypes is an important task in brain science. Brain QTs often change over time while the disorder progresses and thus understanding how the genetic factors play roles on the progressive brain QT changes is of great importance and meaning. Most existing imaging genetics methods only analyze the baseline neuroimaging data, and thus those longitudinal imaging data across multiple time points containing important disease progression information are omitted.
Results
We propose a novel temporal imaging genetic model which performs the multi-task sparse canonical correlation analysis (T-MTSCCA). Our model uses longitudinal neuroimaging data to uncover that how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) play roles on affecting brain QTs over the time. Incorporating the relationship of the longitudinal imaging data and that within SNPs, T-MTSCCA could identify a trajectory of progressive imaging genetic patterns over the time. We propose an efficient algorithm to solve the problem and show its convergence. We evaluate T-MTSCCA on 408 subjects from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database with longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging data and genetic data available. The experimental results show that T-MTSCCA performs either better than or equally to the state-of-the-art methods. In particular, T-MTSCCA could identify higher canonical correlation coefficients and capture clearer canonical weight patterns. This suggests that T-MTSCCA identifies time-consistent and time-dependent SNPs and imaging QTs, which further help understand the genetic basis of the brain QT changes over the time during the disease progression.
Availability and implementation
The software and simulation data are publicly available at https://github.com/dulei323/TMTSCCA.
Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online
Fast Multi-Task SCCA Learning with Feature Selection for Multi-Modal Brain Imaging Genetics
Brain imaging genetics studies the genetic basis of brain structures and functions via integrating both genotypic data such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and imaging quantitative traits (QTs). In this area, both multi-task learning (MTL) and sparse canonical correlation analysis (SCCA) methods are widely used since they are superior to those independent and pairwise univariate analyses. MTL methods generally incorporate a few of QTs and are not designed for feature selection from a large number of QTs; while existing SCCA methods typically employ only one modality of QTs to study its association with SNPs. Both MTL and SCCA encounter computational challenges as the number of SNPs increases. In this paper, combining the merits of MTL and SCCA, we propose a novel multi-task SCCA (MTSCCA) learning framework to identify bi-multivariate associations between SNPs and multi-modal imaging QTs. MTSCCA could make use of the complementary information carried by different imaging modalities. Using the G2,1-norm regularization, MTSCCA treats all SNPs in the same group together to enforce sparsity at the group level. The l2,1-norm penalty is used to jointly select features across multiple tasks for SNPs, and across multiple modalities for QTs. A fast optimization algorithm is proposed using the grouping information of SNPs. Compared with conventional SCCA methods, MTSCCA obtains improved performance regarding both correlation coefficients and canonical weights patterns. In addition, our method runs very fast and is easy-to-implement, and thus could provide a powerful tool for genome-wide brain-wide imaging genetic studies
Complexity Through Nonextensivity
The problem of defining and studying complexity of a time series has
interested people for years. In the context of dynamical systems, Grassberger
has suggested that a slow approach of the entropy to its extensive asymptotic
limit is a sign of complexity. We investigate this idea further by information
theoretic and statistical mechanics techniques and show that these arguments
can be made precise, and that they generalize many previous approaches to
complexity, in particular unifying ideas from the physics literature with ideas
from learning and coding theory; there are even connections of this statistical
approach to algorithmic or Kolmogorov complexity. Moreover, a set of simple
axioms similar to those used by Shannon in his development of information
theory allows us to prove that the divergent part of the subextensive component
of the entropy is a unique complexity measure. We classify time series by their
complexities and demonstrate that beyond the `logarithmic' complexity classes
widely anticipated in the literature there are qualitatively more complex,
`power--law' classes which deserve more attention.Comment: summarizes and extends physics/000707
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