Hybrid Random Regret Minimization and Random Utility Maximization in the Context of Schedule-Based Urban Rail Transit Assignment

Route choice is one of the most critical passenger behaviors in public transit research. The utility maximization theory is generally used to model passengers’ route choice behavior in a public transit network in previous research. However, researchers have found that passenger behavior is far more complicated than a single utility maximization assumption. Some passengers tend to maximize their utility while others would minimize their regrets. In this paper, a schedule-based transit assignment model based on the hybrid of utility maximization and regret minimization is proposed to study the passenger route choice behavior in an urban rail transit network. Firstly, based on the smart card data, the space-time expanded network in an urban rail transit was constructed. Then, it adapts the utility maximization (RUM) and the regret minimization theory (RRM) to analyze and model the passenger route choice behavior independently. The utility values and the regret values are calculated with the utility and the regret functions. A transit assignment model is established based on a hybrid of the random utility maximization and the random regret minimization (RURM) with two kinds of hybrid rules, namely, attribute level hybrid and decision level hybrid. The models are solved by the method of successive algorithm. Finally, the hybrid assignment models are applied to Beijing urban rail transit network for validation. The result shows that RRM and RUM make no significant difference for OD pairs with only two alternative routes. For those with more than two alternative routes, the performance of RRM and RUM is different. RRM is slightly better than RUM in some of the OD pairs, while for the other OD pairs, the results are opposite. Moreover, it shows that the crowd would only influence the regret value of OD pair with more commuters. We conclude that compared with RUM and RRM, the hybrid model RURM is more general. Document type: Articl

Comparaison de la morphologie du pied entre les enfants chinois et mongoliens

Knowledge of foot morphology is fundamental to optimize children’s footwear design. The aim of this study is to compare the foot morphology of Chinese and Mongolian children from 7 to 14 years old. Relative data of 339 Mongolian children and another matched 379 Chinese children were collected using 3D foot scanner. The findings of this study are as follows: i) the absolute foot length of Chinese children is significantly greater than that of Mongolian children of the same age; ii) Mongolian children show significantly greater heel width, toe thickness, lateral malleolus height, instep height and ball girth compared to Chinese children of the same age. The foot width of Chinese children is significantly greater than that of Mongolian children of the same age; iii) Chinese children have a higher risk of hallux valgus than Mongolian children of both sexes. Small variations in foot morphology discussed in this paper could be useful when considering the shoes design for Mongolian and Chinese children. © 2020 by the author(s)

Transfert de charge en fonction de la vitesse de course pour les coureurs du sexe masculin qui touchent le sol avec l’arrière-pied

The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of running speed on plantar pressure, and to use a load transfer algorithm to investigate the load transference in healthy recreational male runners who had a natural rear-foot strike pattern. Totally, 49 healthy males participated in this study, 39 of them (age 22.8 ± 1.8 years, weight 65.6 ± 7.9 kg, height 171.9 ± 4.0 cm) were identified as rear-foot strike runners. Data of pressure parameters, including maximum force, peak pressure, contact area and force-time integral (FTI) was recorded by Pedar-X insole plantar pressure measurement system at 8 different speeds (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 km/h). The results indicated that with the increase of running speed, plantar pressure significantly increased under all foot regions except for the big toe. Faster running speeds resulted in significant lower FTI in all foot regions except for lateral midfoot and heel. Medial metatarsal, central metatarsal, and big toe were the main loading regions for rear-foot strike male runners during running. Load transferred from medial foot to lateral foot in transverse direction, and from toes to metatarsal, midfoot and heel in the longitudinal direction with increasing speeds. As a component of the spring mechanism, the arch played a key role in supporting and transferring loads. © 2020 by the author(s)

New advances in catalysts for polystyrene hydrogenation

Polystyrene is one of the most widely used plastics, and could be catalytic hydrogenated to polycyclohexylethylene with improved physical properties. The research progress in the efficiency palladium catalyst for polystyrene hydrogenation was illustrated and reviewed, further development was discussed

New advances in catalysts for C9 petroleum resin hydrogenation

C9 petroleum resin is a thermoplastic polymer produced by polymerization of C9 fraction obtaining from the steam cracking unit, and could be catalytic hydrogenated to remove the ethylenic C=C bond, aromatic ring with improved physical properties. The research progress in the efficiency supported nickel or/and palladium catalysts for C9 petroleum resin hydrogenation was illustrated and reviewed, further development was discussed

The mediating role of general academic emotions in burnout and procrastination among Chinese medical undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundAcademic procrastination has become more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic due to teaching/learning changes. This phenomenon induces academic burnout, which is already serious among medical students. However, the academic emotion, which is the factor most vulnerable to changes in the academic environment, is still unknown. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the mediating role of general academic emotions in procrastination and burnout among Chinese medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional study enrolled 995 medical students from China Medical University. We applied the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Student Survey (MBI-SS), the Aitken Procrastination Inventory (API) and the General Academic Emotion Questionnaire for College Students (GAEQ) to evaluate the variables of interest. We examined the mediation effects of GAEs by hierarchical linear regression analysis.ResultsCorrelation analyses showed a significant positive correlation between procrastination and burnout. Procrastination and burnout positively and negatively correlated with negative academic emotions, respectively. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed that procrastination had positive associations with negative academic emotions, while it had negative associations with positive academic emotions. The contributions (as mediators) of GAEs to burnout and procrastination were 21.16% (NAEs), 29.75% (PAEs), 54.25% (NDEs) and 23.69% (PDEs).ConclusionsThe results indicate that academic emotions had mediating effects on procrastination and burnout. Medical students' worries about the uncertainty of the learning environment may have exacerbated academic burnout. Targeted improvements in the teaching environment to communicate encouragement and reduce anxiety and helplessness among medical undergraduates for implementing medical education while preventing and controlling the infection

Network analysis of cold cognition and depression in middle-aged and elder population: the moderation of grandparenting

BackgroundCognitive decline and negative emotions are common in aging, especially decline in cold cognition which often co-occurred with depression in middle-aged and older adults. This study analyzed the interactions between cold cognition and depression in the middle-aged and elder populations using network analysis and explored the effects of grandparenting on the cold cognition-depression network.MethodsThe data of 6,900 individuals (≥ 45 years) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were used. The Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Epidemiology Research Center Depression Scale-10 (CESD-10) were used to assess cold cognition and depressive symptoms, respectively. Centrality indices and bridge centrality indices were used to identify central nodes and bridge nodes, respectively.ResultsNetwork analysis showed that nodes “language ability” and “depressed mood” were more central nodes in the network of cold cognition and depression in all participants. Meantime, nodes “attention,” “language ability” and “hopeless” were three key bridge nodes connecting cold cognition and depressive symptoms. Additionally, the global connectivity of the cold cognition and depression network was stronger in the non-grandparenting than the grandparenting.ConclusionThe findings shed a light on the complex interactions between cold cognition and depression in the middle-aged and elder populations. Decline in language ability and depressed mood can serve as predictors for the emergence of cold cognitive dysfunction and depression in individuals during aging. Attention, language ability and hopelessness are potential targets for psychosocial interventions. Furthermore, grandparenting is effective in alleviating cold cognitive dysfunction and depression that occur during individual aging

Effects of Removing Endogenous Proteins with Different Solubility on the Physicochemical Properties of Early Indica Rice Flour

In order to improve the quality of early indica rice flour products by using endogenous proteins to regulate its physicochemical properties, this paper studied the effects of removing endogenous proteins with different solubility (albumin, globulin, prolamin and oryzenin) on the solubility, swelling capacity, and pasting properties of the early indica rice flour, as well as on its water binding state, rheological properties and freeze-thaw stability after pasting. The results showed that the removal of globulin and oryzenin could improve the solubility of the early indica rice flour, while the removal of prolamin and oryzenin could improve its swelling capacity under high temperature. The removal of albumin made the peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown value and setback value of the early indica rice flour decrease by 16%, 21%, 50% and 43%, respectively. The removal of globulin could increased its gelatinization temperature and decreased its peak viscosity, while the removal of prolamin was the opposite. The removal of oryzenin made its peak viscosity, and final viscosity decrease by 22% and 12%, respectively, as well as made its breakdown value and setback value increase by 49% and 53%, respectively. The removal of oryzenin made the weak bound water content of the early indica rice flour decrease by 14% after pasting. The removal of both globulin and oryzenin could increase its water binding strength after pasting, while the removal of prolamin was the opposite. The removal of prolamin made the solid-like state of the early indica rice flour enhance by 20% after pasting. The removal of both globulin and oryzenin could decrease its elasticity after pasting, while the removal of prolamin was the opposite. The removal of globulin and oryzenin made the freeze-thaw stability of the early indica rice flour decrease by 121% and 56%, respectively, after pasting. This study would provide an important reference for improving the quality of early indica rice flour products by using endogenous proteins with different solubility