A review of platelet-rich plasma for enteric fistula management

Enteric fistula (EF), a serious complication after abdominal surgery, refers to unnatural communication between the gastrointestinal tract and the skin or other hollow organs. It is associated with infection, massive fluid/electrolyte loss, and malnutrition, resulting in an unhealed course. Despite advances in surgical techniques, wound care, infection control, and nutritional support, EF remains associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) containing elevated platelet concentrations has been proposed to promote healing in many tissues. However, the mechanism of action of PRP in EF treatment remains unclear owing to its complicated clinical manifestations. In this review, we summarized the clinical approaches, outlined the principal cytokines involved in the healing effects, and discussed the advantages of PRP for EF therapy. In addition, we defined the mechanism of autologous PRP in EF management, which is essential for further developing EF therapies

Single-chain magnet behavior in a 2p–3d–4f spin array with a nitronyl nitroxide biradical

International audienceThree biradical-bridged heterometallic chains, [LnCu2(hfac)7(bisNITPhPy)]n (LnIII = Gd, 1; Tb, 2; Ho, 3), were synthesized by means of a nitronyl nitroxide biradical bisNITPhPy ([5-(4-pyridyl)-1,3-bis(1′-oxyl-3′-oxide-4′,4′,5′,5′-tetramethyl-4,5-hydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)]benzene; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate). In these structures, the bisNITPhPy biradical serves as a pentadentate ligand to hold one LnIII ion through two neighboring aminoxyl (NO) moieties in chelating mode, while other two NO groups are coordinated to Cu(hfac)2 units, leading to a 1D Cu–Ln-birad chain. An additional terminal Cu(hfac)2 unit linked to a pyridine-N atom is found at the periphery. The magnetic susceptibility data of compound Gd have been analyzed with a closed ring model comprising three [Cu–Rad–Gd–Rad] units, which indicates ferromagnetic Gd(iii)–nitroxide and Cu(ii)–axial nitroxide interactions. The Tb derivative was found to behave as a single chain magnet with an energy barrier for magnetization reversal of 26 K

A metal-radical hetero-tri-spin SCM with methyl–pyrazole–nitronyl nitroxide bridges

International audienceThe preparation, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of a family of hetero-tri-spin 1-D coordination polymers with the formula [Ln(hfac)3Cu(hfac)2(4-NIT-MePyz)2] (Ln = Gd, 1, Tb, 2, Dy, 3; hfac = hexafluoroacetylacetonate; 4-NIT-MePyz = 2-{4-(1-methyl)-pyrazolyl}-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) are reported. In these complexes, the 4-NIT-MePyz radical acts as a linker to bridge the CuII and LnIII ions through its pyrazole and aminoxyl groups to form a chain structure. Magnetic properties typical of spin-chains are observed for Dy and Tb derivatives but single-chain magnet (SCM) behavior was evidenced only for the Tb compound which is characterized by an energy gap for demagnetization Δτ/kB of 31 K

Measles immunity in the China-Myanmar border region, Lincang city, Yunnan province, 2017

Background A recent measles importation-related outbreak in the China-Myanmar border region required outbreak response immunization to stop the outbreak, raising the question of measles immunity in the area. We conducted two measles serological surveys to develop a seroepidemiological profile of native Chinese citizens and registered Myanmar immigrants to identify strategies to promote measles elimination in the border region. Methods We conducted a clinic-based measles serosurvey of Myanmar registered immigrants (n = 300) and a population-based serosurvey of Chinese Lincang residents (n = 355). Serum samples were tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to assess immunity to measles. Results We found that Myanmar immigrants had a seropositivity rate of 85.3% (95% CI: 81.3–89.4) with a GMT of 924.9 mIU/ml, and Lincang Chinese nationals had a seropositivity rate of 94.6% (95% CI:92.3–97.0) with a GMT of 1363.3 mIU/ml. Myanmar children 2–6 years of age and 7–14 years of age were more likely to be susceptible to measles than same-aged Chinese children: odds ratios 23.00 (95% CI: 5.10–103.69, P < .001) and 7.95 (95% CI: 1.66–38.01,P = .009), respectively. Conclusions We recommend conducting a catch-up vaccination program for Myanmar children ≤15 years old

Visualization 1: Asymmetric liquid-core cylindrical lens used to measure liquid diffusion coefficient

The dynamic diffusion process for triethylene glycol diffusing in water. Originally published in Applied Optics on 10 March 2016 (ao-55-8-2011

Thermal Magnetic Hysteresis in a Copper–Gadolinium–Radical Chain Compound

Magnetic bistability spanning over a temperature domain of 40 K can result from a small structural deformation of the gadolinium aminoxyl coordination. This is illustrated for a nitronyl nitroxide 3d–4f chain, [Ln­(hfac)₃Cu­(hfac)₂(NIT-Pyrim)₂] (Ln^III = Gd, Dy), which is the first example of a bistable lanthanide-based complex

Health and economic costs of an import-initiated measles outbreak in an international border area of Yunnan Province

Background Measles outbreaks often require labor- and resource-intense response. A border-area measles outbreak occurred in Yunnan province that required outbreak response immunization for its containment. We report results of our investigation into the outbreak and the health sector costs of the response activities, with the goal of providing evidence for policy makers when considering the full value of vaccines and of measles elimination. Methods We conducted case investigations to determine sources of infection and routes of transmission. Costs of outbreak response activities incurred by health sector were determined through retrospective interviews and record reviews of staff. Results In total, 67 measles cases were confirmed, including 4 cases imported from Myanmar. Among the 33 cases aged between 8 months and 14 y old, 22 (66∙7%) had received 2 doses of MCV; 2 (6∙0%) had received 1 dose of MCV; 9 (27∙3%) had not received MCV. The first 4 cases had been infected in Myanmar, and we identified 8 transmission clusters with a total of 62 cases. Transmission among Yunnan province residents occurred in schools, family settings, and at gatherings. The overall cost to control the outbreak was $214,774, for a per-case cost of$3,206. The outbreak response vaccination campaign accounted for 64% of the total outbreak costs. Conclusions Despite high population immunity among Yunnan province children and adolescents, an import-related measles outbreak occurred among individuals who were not vaccinated or had vaccine failure in the across-border area. The economic cost of the outbreak was substantial. Investment in a sensitive measles surveillance system to detect outbreaks in a timely manner, maintaining high population immunity to measles, and reinforcing cross-border collaboration with neighboring countries support achieving and sustaining measles elimination in the border areas of China