Standard Model With Higgs As Gauge Field On Fourth Homotopy Group

Based upon a first principle, the generalized gauge principle, we construct a general model with $G_L\times G'_R \times Z_2$ gauge symmetry, where $Z_2=\pi_4(G_L)$ is the fourth homotopy group of the gauge group $G_L$, by means of the non-commutative differential geometry and reformulate the Weinberg-Salam model and the standard model with the Higgs field being a gauge field on the fourth homotopy group of their gauge groups. We show that in this approach not only the Higgs field is automatically introduced on the equal footing with ordinary Yang-Mills gauge potentials and there are no extra constraints among the parameters at the tree level but also it most importantly is stable against quantum correlation.Comment: 19 pages, Latex, ASITP-94-2

Current Status and Prospects Towards the Road of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in China: a Systematic Review

Background: Over the past decade, China has successfully extended its basic healthcare safety net to more than 95% of the population. The Chinese government aims to provide universal health coverage for all citizens by 2030. However, China still suffers from an inadequate tiered medical care system, lack of information sharing on hospital visits, and medical staff with low salaries and excessive overtime. This paper will further discuss China's current status and prospects in six building blocks of the WHO health system framework. Methods: We used various popular search engines, such as PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, etc., to identify studies on achieving universal health in China. The purpose of the search was to understand the state of the existing health system in China, especially in mobile health (mhealth), mental health, and medical personnel protection. Findings: We found nine articles related to health service delivery, three articles related to the medical workforce, four articles related to health information systems, three articles related to medical products, vaccines, and technologies, five articles related to health financing, and five articles related to health system management. Discussion: The findings based on the six health system building blocks are summarized in conjunction with other literature

Multi-feature function-on-scalar regression for modelling stepwatch activity data

In this thesis, we propose to use function-on-scalar regression models for modeling summaries derived from minute-to-minute step count data collected with StepwatchTM Activity Monitor (SAM). The approach has been motivated by the OUTLET study that compares the transtibial amputation vs limb salvage and use SAM as an objective measure of the 18 month functional outcomes. We compare both daily summaries and temporal change in the day of different measures of walking activities of amputee and salvage groups. On the whole, amputation and salvage treatments for severe distal, tibia, ankle and/or foot trauma result in comparable functional outcomes measured with step activity monitors. However, most of the summaries that measure the stability and variability of walking activity are significantly influenced by amputation, at least for a period of time in the day

Comparisons between heat pipe, thermoelectric system, and vapour compression refrigeration system for electronics cooling

Passive systems such as air for electronics cooling have now effectively reached their limits. This paper evaluated three comparable systems for electronics cooling, including heat pipe (HP, passive system), thermoelectric (TE) and vapour compression refrigeration (VCR) systems (active systems). Mathematical model has been built for the heat pipe and the thermoelectric system respectively. Measurements have been conducted to validate the model and to compare the performance among a HP, a single stage TE system and a two-stage TE system, a combination of the HP and the TE system, and a VCR system using an oil-free linear compressor. Close agreements between the modelling and measurements have been achieved in terms of electric power input and cooling capacity at various temperatures. The HP improved the cooling capacity and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the TE system by 53% and 42% respectively at a cold end temperature of 10 °C. Heat pipe is more attractive for cooling large devices at higher temperatures. Two-stage TE system can be used for cooling devices at lower temperatures. VCR system is capable of dissipating much higher heat flux (200 W/cm2 ) at lower temperature than all other technologies