4 research outputs found
3D-Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Π·Π²ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
, Π½ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡ. ΠΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Ρ Π½Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ, ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠ° SAFT ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Π-ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²) ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ
Performance of stair negotiation in patients with cerebral palsy and stiff knee gait
Background
Due to the limited knee range of motion, achieving adequate foot clearance while walking on level ground constitutes a major problem for patients with cerebral palsy and stiff knee gait. Stair negotiation as an activity of daily life requires a considerably higher knee range of motion than level ground walking, but little is known yet as to whether such patients are able to walk stairs.
Research question: The aim of this study was to investigate how patients with a limited knee range of motion negotiate stairs. Do they increase their peak knee flexion and use the same pattern as in walking on level ground? How do the muscles act during stair negotiation?
Methods
In this explorative study, 17 adults with bilateral, spastic cerebral palsy and stiff knee gait and 25 healthy subjects were examined. 3D motion analysis, including electromyography, was performed while walking on level ground, upstairs, and downstairs. A linear mixed model was used for between- and within-group comparisons.
Results
Walking upstairs and downstairs, patients increased their peak knee flexion by around 30Β° compared to level walking. Thus, increased knee flexion may be seen as the main mechanism for maintaining foot clearance on stairs. An increased pelvic obliquity (elevation) and hip flexion were also found and involved subjects showed a slight increase in rectus femoris activity when walking on stairs compared to level walking within the phases of high knee flexion.
Significance
This study showed that patients with cerebral palsy and stiff knee gait are able to flex their knees more than would be required for level walking. Hence, the patients are able to adapt their rectus activity to stair walking to some extent. Therefore, further investigations might help to open up new therapeutic options to facilitate level walking and stair negotiation in patients with stiff knee gait
Bcl-xL knockout attenuates mitochondrial respiration and causes oxidative stress that is compensated by pentose phosphate pathway activity
Bcl-xL is an anti-apoptotic protein that localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane and influences mitochondrial bioenergetics by controlling Ca2+ influx into mitochondria. Here, we analyzed the effect of mitochondrial Bcl-xL on mitochondrial shape and function in knockout (KO), wild type and rescued mouse embryonic fibroblast cell lines. Mitochondria of KO cells were more fragmented, exhibited a reduced ATP concentration, and reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) suggesting an increased importance of ATP generation by other means. Under steady-state conditions, acidification of the growth medium as a readout for glycolysis was similar, but upon inhibition of ATP synthase with oligomycin, KO cells displayed an instant increase in glycolysis. In addition, forced energy production through OXPHOS by replacing glucose with galactose in the growth medium rendered KO cells more susceptible to mitochondrial toxins. KO cells had increased cellular reactive oxygen species and were more susceptible to oxidative stress, but had higher glutathione levels, which were however more rapidly consumed under conditions of oxidative stress. This coincided with an increased activity and protein abundance of the pentose phosphate pathway protein glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which generates NADPH necessary to regenerate reduced glutathione. KO cells were also less susceptible to pharmacological inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway. We conclude that mitochondrial Bcl-xL is involved in maintaining mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Its deficiency causes oxidative stress, which is associated with an increased glycolytic capacity and balanced by an increased activity of the pentose phosphate pathway