94 research outputs found
Disordered, strongly scattering porous materials as miniature multipass gas cells
Spectroscopic gas sensing is both a commercial success and a rapidly
advancing scientific field. Throughout the years, massive efforts have been
directed towards improving detection limits by achieving long interaction
pathlengths. Prominent examples include the use of conventional multipass gas
cells, sophisticated high-finesse cavities, gas-filled holey fibers,
integrating spheres, and diffusive reflectors. Despite this rich flora of
approaches, there is a continuous struggle to reduce size, gas volume, cost and
alignment complexity. Here, we show that extreme light scattering in porous
materials can be used to realise miniature gas cells. Near-infrared
transmission through a 7 mm zirconia (ZrO2) sample with a 49% porosity and
subwavelength pore structure (on the order of 100 nm) gives rise to an
effective gas interaction pathlength above 5 meters, an enhancement
corresponding to 750 passes through a conventional multipass cell. This
essentially different approach to pathlength enhancement opens a new route to
compact, alignment-free and low-cost optical sensor systems
ADHD-related symptoms among adults in out-patient psychiatry and female prison inmates as compared with the general population
Decreased binding capacity (B max) of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in fibroblasts from boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Dietary intake of fish, omega-3, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D and the prevalence of psychotic-like symptoms in a cohort of 33 000 women from the general population
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Low intake of fish, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and vitamin D deficiency has been suggested to play a role in the development of schizophrenia. Our aim was to evaluate the association between the intake of different fish species, PUFA and vitamin D and the prevalence of psychotic-like symptoms in a population-based study among Swedish women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire among 33 623 women aged 30-49 years at enrolment (1991/92). Information on psychotic-like symptoms was derived from a follow-up questionnaire in the years 2002/03. Participants were classified into three predefined levels: low, middle and high frequency of symptoms. The association between diet and psychotic-like symptoms was summarized in terms of relative risks (RR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals and was evaluated by energy-adjusted multinomial logistic regression.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>18 411 women were classified as having a low level of psychotic-like symptoms, 14 395 as middle and 817 as having a high level. The risk of high level symptoms was 53% (95% CI, 30-69%) lower among women who ate fish 3-4 times per week compared to women who never ate fish. The risk was also lower for women with a high intake of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA compared to women with a lower intake of these fatty acids. The effect was most pronounced for omega-6 PUFAs. The RR comparing the highest to the lowest quartile of omega-6 PUFAs intake was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.64-0.97). The associations were J-shaped with the strongest reduced risk for an intermediate intake of fish or PUFA. For fatty fish (herring/mackerel, salmon-type fish), the strongest inverse association was found for an intermediate intake (RR: 0.81, 95% CI, 0.66-0.98), whereas a high intake of fatty fish was associated with an increased risk of psychotic-like symptoms (RR: 1.90, 95% CI, 1.34-2.70). Women in the highest compared with the lowest quartile of vitamin D consumption experienced a 37% (95% CI, 22-50%) lower risk of psychotic-like symptoms.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings raise a possibility that adult women with a high intake of fish, omega-3 or omega-6 PUFA and vitamin D have a lower rate of psychotic-like symptoms.</p
Overcoming the neuroleptic-induced deficit syndrome: clinical observations with remoxipride
Wall collision line broadening at reduced pressures: towards non-destructive characterization of nanoporous materials
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF d-AMPHETAMINE ON FI AND DRL SCHEDULE PERFORMANCE OF SELF-STIMULATING RATS
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