A reply to Kubota and Levine on gapping

In a series of papers Kubota and Levine give an account of gapping and determiner gapping in terms of hybrid type logical grammar, including anomalous scopal interactions with auxiliaries and negative quantifiers. We make three observations: i) under the counterpart assumptions that Kubota and Levine make, the existent displacement type logical grammar account of gapping already accounts for the scopal interactions, ii) Kubota and Levine overgenerate determiner-verb order permutations in determiner gapping conjuncts whereas the immediate adaptation of their proposal to displacement type logical grammar does not do so, and iii) Kubota and Levine do not capture simplex gapping as a special case of complex gapping, but require distinct lexical entries for the two cases; we show how a generalisation of displacement type logical grammar allows both simplex and discontinuous gapping under a single type assignmentPostprint (author's final draft

Levine\u27s Isomorph Dictionary

Among word buffs, 1971 will undoubtedly be remembered as the year that the Compact Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was published, making this monumental work available at one-third the price and one-sixth the bulk of the original. An exceedingly useful lexicographic tool has been placed in the hands of many who formerly had to make a trip to the library to consult it. By contrast, one of the least-heralded publishing events of 1971 was the appearance of Jack Levine\u27s A List of Pattern Words of Lengths Two Through Nine. Nevertheless, I predict that the Levine dictionary may have a greater impact than the COED on word buffs. The information in the COED has been available in the OED for decades, but Levine\u27s dictionary enables the logologist to view Webster\u27s Unabridged in an entirely new light: specifically, it groups together all words with the same underlying pattern, such as EXCESS and BAMBOO (and, in fact, 23 rarer words also having the letter-pattern abcadd). Furthermore, the COED costs $75, but the Levine dictionary may be obtained free while the limited supply lasts

Homotopy on spatial graphs and generalized Sato-Levine invariants

Edge-homotopy and vertex-homotopy are equivalence relations on spatial graphs which are generalizations of Milnor's link-homotopy. Fleming and the author introduced some edge (resp. vertex)-homotopy invariants of spatial graphs by applying the Sato-Levine invariant for the constituent 2-component algebraically split links. In this paper, we construct some new edge (resp. vertex)-homotopy invariants of spatial graphs without any restriction of linking numbers of the constituent 2-component links by applying the generalized Sato-Levine invariant.Comment: 16 pages, 13 figure

Development of stock markets, societal norms and legal institutions

We explain the development of stock markets by both legal and societal determinants and analyze the relevance of both determinants in the Levine-Zervos (1998) cross-sectional growth regressions. We argue that the legal indicators as developed by La Porta, Lopez-de-Silanes, Shleifer and Vishny (1998) are not covering all the aspects of alternatives to financial contracting as suggested by Levine (2000). The basic argument is that the legal classification of countries does not completely cover the cross-country variation in the societal desire to use contracting in financial transactions. After establishing the determinants of stock market development we analyze the impact of stock market development on economic growth. We use a 2SLS approach to correct for the endogeneity of stock market development. We contradict the positive view of Levine-Zervos on the impact of liquidity of stock markets on economic growth. Our conclusions are in line with Levine (2000) who argues that it is not financial structure but the development of the deep structural legal and societal characteristics that is instrumental to economic growth.

Post-liberalisation Efficiency and Productivity of the Banking Sector in Pakistan

It has been long debated in economic literature whether financial markets play a significant role in economic growth and development. [For review see Gertler (1988) and Levine (1997)]. Findings of some recent empirical literature show that well-functioning financial system plays an instrumental role in economic growth, and the causality runs from finance to growth [for cross country evidences see King and Levine (1993, 1993a); Levine and Zervos (1998); Levine, Loayza and Beck (1999); Beck, Levine, and Loayza (1999)]. This, in turn, has led to a search for the key factors that determine the better functioning financial markets. Within the banking sector, efficiency is the core concern of both academics and bank officials. A number of studies have sought to measure the efficiency of financial institutions, to identify the factors that contribute to efficiency of financial system, and to recommend the ways to attain the peer group efficiency levels [Berg (1993); Leaven (1999); Berger and Mester (1997); Miller and Noulas (1996)]. These empirical findings suggest a healthy competitive financial market pave the way for efficient market participants that leads to overall efficiency of the system and hence productivity. Following this notion, liberalisation of financial markets has been initiated to improve the performance of financial institutions both in developed and developing countries. Some empirical tests have been carried out to measure the effects of liberalisation and deregulation of financial institutions on the efficiency and productivity of banking sector.

Creative Placemaking: Building Partnerships to Create Change

Arts, artists, and creative strategies can be critical vehicles for planning to achieve social, economic, and community goals. Creative placemaking is one type of arts-led planning that incorporates both stakeholder participation and community goals. Yet, questions exist around who participates in the creative placemaking process and to what end. Our study discusses a case where a state-sponsored workshop brings people from diverse backgrounds together to facilitate community development and engagement through creative placemaking. In particular, the event discussed in this study highlights how a one-shot intervention can reshape perceptions of creative placemaking held by planners, non-planners, artists, and non-artists. Our study also shows that while pre-workshop participants tended to identify resource-based challenges, post-workshop participants focused more on initiating collaborations and being responsive to community needs. The different attitudes before and after the state-sponsored workshop demonstrate the importance of facilitating stakeholder understanding and engagement for successful creative placemaking

Chow groups of weighted hypersurfaces

We extend a result of to Esnault-Levine-Viehweg concerning the Chow groups of hypersurfaces in projective space to those in weighted projective spaces

The Fall of the House of Dixie: The Civil War and the Social Revolution that Transformed the South

This article reviews The Fall of the House of Dixie: The Civil War and the Social Revolution that Transformed the South (2013) by Bruce Levine