Lay Theories About Whether Emotion Helps or Hinders: Assessment and Effects on Emotional Acceptance and Recovery From Distress.

This investigation examined how people's beliefs about the functionality of emotion shape their emotional response and regulatory strategies when encountering distressing events. In Study 1, we present data supporting the reliability and validity of an 8-item instrument, the Help and Hinder Theories about Emotion Measure (HHTEM), designed to assess an individual's beliefs about the functionality of emotion. Participants who more strongly endorsed a Help Theory reported greater wellbeing, emotional acceptance, and use of reappraisal to regulate emotion. Participants who more strongly endorsed a Hinder Theory reported less wellbeing and more expressive suppression and substance use. In Study 2, we demonstrate that encouraging participants to view emotion as helpful affected their physiological and regulatory response to a distressing event. Participants in the Help Theory condition showed greater physiological reactivity (SCL) during a distressing film than control participants but were more accepting of their emotional response. Shortly after the film, SCL decreased for participants in the Help Theory condition. Compared to control participants, they engaged in less suppression and reported less lingering effect of the film on their mood. Together, these studies suggest that people's theories about the functionality of emotion influence their reactivity, the strategies they adopt to regulate emotion, and their ability to rebound after distressing events

Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Early Childbearing

We examine the empirical relationship between socioeconomic disadvantage and rates of early childbearing. First, we use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) to confirm a strong correlation at the individual level - women who grow up "disadvantaged" are much more likely to give birth as teens. Then we aggregate Vital Statistics microdata from 1968 through 2003 to conduct a cohort-based analysis of the relationship between rates of socioeconomic disadvantage of a birth cohort and the cohort's subsequent early childbearing experiences. Our cohort level analysis implies an even tighter intergenerational correlation between rates of background disadvantage and early childbearing. But, when our analysis econometrically controls for fixed state and year of birth effects in the model to account for cultural and other differences across cohorts, the relationship between rates of disadvantage and early childbearing is found to be quite modest. For example, the elasticity of early childbearing rates by age 18 with respect to the probability of being born to a mother under age 18 is only 0.05. This suggests that broader, societal forces are far more important in determining rates of early childbearing than rates of socioeconomic disadvantage per se.

Academic Authors and Open Access - Practical Thoughts for Preserving Your Rights

Melissa Levine Lead Copyright Officer University of Michigan Library describes her journey through the world of Open Access publishing

Income Inequality and Early Non-Marital Childbearing: An Economic Exploration of the "Culture of Despair"

Using individual-level data from the United States and a number of other developed countries, we empirically investigate the role of income inequality in determining rates of early, non-marital childbearing among low socioeconomic status (SES) women. We present robust evidence that low SES women are more likely to give birth at a young age and outside of marriage when they live in more unequal places, all else held constant. Our results suggest that inequality itself, as opposed to other correlated geographic factors, drives this relationship. We calculate that differences in the level of inequality are able to explain a sizeable share of the geographic variation in teen fertility rates both across U.S. states and across developed countries. We propose a model of economic “despair” that facilitates the interpretation of our results. It reinterprets the sociological and ethnographic literature that emphasizes the role of economic marginalization and hopelessness into a parsimonious framework that captures the concept of “despair” with an individual’s perception of economic success. Our empirical results are consistent with the idea that income inequality heightens a sense of economic despair among those at the bottom of the distribution.

Subsidized Contraception, Fertility, and Sexual Behavior

This paper examines the impact of recent state-level Medicaid policy changes that expanded eligibility for family planning services to higher income women and to Medicaid clients whose benefits would expire otherwise. We begin by establishing that the income-based policy change led to a substantial increase in the number of program recipients. We then examine Vital Statistics birth data from 1990 to 2003 and determine that it also reduced overall births to non-teens by about two percent and to teens by over four percent. Our estimates suggest a nearly nine percent reduction in births to women age 20-44 made eligible by the policy change. We supplement our state-level analysis with an investigation of individual-level data from the 1988, 1995, and 2002 National Surveys of Family Growth (NSFG) to examine the impact of these policies on sexual behavior and contraceptive use. Evidence from this analysis suggests that the reduction in fertility associated with raising income thresholds for eligibility was accomplished via greater use of contraception. Our calculations indicate that allowing higher income women to receive federally-funded family planning cost on the order of $6,800 for each averted birth.

Response to US Copyright Office and Library of Congress to Notice of Inquiry and Request for Comments, Docket No. RM 2-22-7 Exemption to Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155661/1/levine_u_michigan_library (1).pdf63

Response to Request for Written Submissions from the Public: Coordination and Strategic Planning of the Federal Register Effort Against Intellectual Property Infringement: Request of the Intellectual Property Coordinator for Public Comments Regarding the Joint Strategic (DOCID: fr23fe10-127)

https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/155667/1/UniversityofMichigan.pdf63

Copyright

This chapter (preprint) covers basic copyright concepts in the university context along with open access, open education, and scholarly communication matters.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117262/1/Z Copyright Essentials Levine Audia 10-24-10 Deep Blue.pd

Culturally Responsive Literature

Culturally responsive teaching is an effective way for educators to create relevant learning experiences that build on students’ strengths and cultural backgrounds. As a result, culturally responsive teaching has had positive learning outcomes for minority students because they are taking ownership of their learning and risks in trusting learning environments. This article defines culturally responsive teaching and explains how teachers can incorporate it into their lessons. First, it examines research on culturally responsive practices and culturally relevant pedagogy. Next, it explains the characteristics of culturally responsive teaching. Then, it offers suggestions on implementing culturally responsive practices into the classroom. The article concludes with examples of culturally responsive literature that can be implemented into the classroom. Through culturally responsive teaching, students’ learning needs can be met, while placing an emphasis on students’ different cultures, showing that all students are respected and valued in the classroom (Callins, 2006)