138 research outputs found
Nantes â Zac Erdre-Porterie 3, bourg ouest, Le Bois Hue
La rĂ©alisation dâune Zac au nord de Nantes, sur le secteur de Saint-Joseph de Porterie, a entraĂźnĂ© la rĂ©alisation de plusieurs diagnostics archĂ©ologiques rĂ©alisĂ©s en 2009 et 2010 sous la responsabilitĂ© de Jean-François Nauleau (Inrap). De nombreux vestiges ont Ă©tĂ© mis au jour, qui concernent les pĂ©riodes antiques, mĂ©diĂ©vales et modernes, dans un secteur de la ville qui restait encore largement mĂ©connu sur un plan archĂ©ologique. Au nord de la Zac, Ă quelques centaines de mĂštres de lâErdre, au ..
Pornic â Le Fief-ClĂ©ment, Zac du Clos du Bocage
La rĂ©alisation dâune Zac Ă lâouest de la commune de Pornic, sur le secteur de Sainte-Marie-sur-Mer, a entraĂźnĂ© la rĂ©alisation dâun diagnostic archĂ©ologique rĂ©alisĂ© en avril et mai 2010 sous la responsabilitĂ© de Dominique Doyen (Inrap). Portant sur une surface de prĂšs de 10 ha, il a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une forte densitĂ© de vestiges archĂ©ologiques concentrĂ©s Ă lâouest de la rue du Moulin Neuf, sâĂ©talant de la Protohistoire jusquâau Moyen Ăge. Le projet se dĂ©veloppe en arriĂšre du bourg de Sainte-Marie-sur-Me..
Lâoccupation de lâĂąge du Fer aux Chaloignes (MozĂ©-sur-Louet, Maine-et-Loire)
Un ensemble complexe et Ă©nigmatique de creusements Ă proximitĂ© dâun Ă©tablissement rural de lâĂąge du Fer aux Chaloignes (MozĂ©-sur-Louet) a livrĂ© un lot important de cĂ©ramiques associĂ©es Ă dâautres mobiliers dont certains dits âde prestigeâ. Bien que fragmentĂ© et hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne, ce mobilier permet une datation de lâoccupation et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives quant Ă la dĂ©finition des horizons de lâĂąge du Fer des marges mĂ©ridionales du Massif armoricain. Mais lâĂ©tude de la cĂ©ramique et du mobilier associĂ©, plus quâun simple instrument de datation, se propose dâaborder le statut du site oĂč existent des pratiques de dĂ©pĂŽt encore mal dĂ©finies et dâouvrir une rĂ©flexion dâordre culturel dans une rĂ©gion, dans la partie aval de la Loire, oĂč se mĂȘlent diverses influences.Iron Age occupation at Les Chaloignes (MozĂ©-sur-Louet, Maine-et-Loire): a study of the Ceramic assemblage a cryptic and complex set of excavations adjacent to an Iron Age rural settlement at Les Chaloignes (MozĂ©-sur-Louet) produced an important group of ceramics associated with other material rated as âluxuryâ items. Although fragmentary and varied, this assemblage allows a dating of the settlement and opens up new perspectives on the definition of the Iron Age horizons on the southern fringe of the Armorican massif. But ceramic study and that of associated material provide more than just a dating tool. They lead to the consideration of the status of this site where still ill-defined deposit practices exist, and to review the cultural processes in the lower reaches of the Loire, where several influences mix
Guerre « juste » et dĂ©fense de la patrie dans lâAntiquitĂ© tardive
EmpruntĂ©e au rĂ©pertoire notionnel paĂŻen, lâidĂ©e de guerre « juste » a Ă©tĂ© diversement reçue parmi les penseurs chrĂ©tiens, surtout Ă partir du ive siĂšcle, lorsquâil sâest agi dâenvisager les contours thĂ©ologiques que pouvait revĂȘtir une action armĂ©e conduite par un empereur chrĂ©tien. Cette interpretatio christiana supposait notamment que lâEmpire romain devĂźnt lâexpression gĂ©ographique idĂ©ale de lâĂglise. Dans ce lent processus dâappropriation territoriale menant de lâĂ©loge dâun heimatlosat chrĂ©tien originel Ă la dĂ©fense de la patria romaine menacĂ©e, les figures dâEusĂšbe de CĂ©sarĂ©e et dâAmbroise de Milan sont centrales.The idea of âjustâ war, borrowed from pagan notions, had a mixed reception among Christian thinkers of the fourth century, when various authors sought to forge theological arguments for an armed expedition under the authority of a Christian emperor. Underlying this interpretatio christiana was the supposition that the Roman Empire had become the ideal geographical expression of the Church. Eusebius of Caesarea and Ambrose of Milan played a central role in this gradual process of territorial appropriation that range from the praise of primitive Christian homelessness to the defense of a threatened Roman patria
Philippe Blaudeau, Le SiĂšge de Rome et lâOrient (448-536)â: Ă©tude gĂ©o-ecclĂ©siologique
Lâouvrage de Philippe Blaudeau, ancien membre de lâĂcole française de Rome et professeur dâhistoire romaine Ă lâUniversitĂ© dâAngers, traite de lâimpact des controverses thĂ©ologiques sur les relations entre Rome et lâOrient dâun point de vue gĂ©o-ecclĂ©siologique, entre les annĂ©es qui prĂ©cĂšdent le concile de ChalcĂ©doine et le rĂšgne de Justinien. Il se compose de six chapitresâdâinĂ©gale longueur et de riches annexes offrant un aperçu significatif de la correspondance entre une dizaine de papes de..
ChĂątelais â Centre-bourg, 3 rue du MusĂ©e
Dans le cadre dâun projet de restructuration du centre bourg de ChĂątelais, le service archĂ©ologique dĂ©partemental de Maine-et-Loire est intervenu sur les parcelles devant accueillir une Ă©cole primaire. En effet, des observations ponctuelles et des opĂ©rations menĂ©es depuis 1966 autour de lâĂ©glise Saint-Pierre et en diffĂ©rents endroits du bourg, avaient rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence dâune importante nĂ©cropole mĂ©rovingienne, ainsi que de niveaux gallo-romains. LâopĂ©ration de diagnostic prescrite par le Ser..
Deficiency of the LIM-Only Protein FHL2 Reduces Intestinal Tumorigenesis in Apc Mutant Mice
BACKGROUND: The four and a half LIM-only protein 2 (FHL2) is capable of shuttling between focal adhesion and nucleus where it signals through direct interaction with a number of proteins including beta-catenin. Although FHL2 activation has been found in various human cancers, evidence of its functional contribution to carcinogenesis has been lacking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we have investigated the role of FHL2 in intestinal tumorigenesis in which activation of the Wnt pathway by mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Apc) or in beta-catenin constitutes the primary transforming event. In this murine model, introduction of a biallelic deletion of FHL2 into mutant Apc(Delta14/+) mice substantially reduces the number of intestinal adenomas but not tumor growth, suggesting a role of FHL2 in the initial steps of tumorigenesis. In the lesions, Wnt signalling is not affected by FHL2 deficiency, remaining constitutively active. Nevertheless, loss of FHL2 activity is associated with increased epithelial cell migration in intestinal epithelium, which might allow to eliminate more efficiently deleterious cells and reduce the risk of tumorigenesis. This finding may provide a mechanistic basis for tumor suppression by FHL2 deficiency. In human colorectal carcinoma but not in low-grade dysplasia, we detected up-regulation and enhanced nuclear localization of FHL2, indicating the activation of FHL2 during the development of malignancy. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrate that FHL2 represents a critical factor in intestinal tumorigenesis
Lâutilisation du bois au village LatĂ©nien des Pichelots (Les Alleuds, Maine-et-Loire)
DĂ©couvert fortuitement Ă lâoccasion de lâexploitation dâune graviĂšre, probablement entreâŻ1957 etâŻ1963, le site des Pichelots (coordonnĂ©es Lambert : x = 389,9 â 390,1 ; y = 2261,4 â 2261,7 ; rĂ©f. Carte archĂ©ologique de la France « Patriarche » : 49 001 0008) fit, sous la direction de M. Gruet, lâobjet de fouilles ponctuelles Ă partir de 1973 â les premiĂšres relations commencent en 1971 â puis, Ă partir de 1980, dâĂ©tudes approfondies Ă la suite des dĂ©capages prĂ©liminaires systĂ©matiques des terres superficielles par lâexploitant de la carriĂšre, Bernard Loriou (fait chevalier des Arts et Lettres en 1983). La surface actuellement Ă©tudiĂ©e approche les cinq hectares au total - lâextension estimĂ©e du village gaulois est de sept hectares environ â pour une exploitation actuelle la de carriĂšre de neuf hectares environ. Le site fut fouillĂ© par M. Gruet de 1973 Ă 1993, aidĂ© de B. Passini et J. Siraudeau. Deux autres interventions ponctuelles en 1997 (D. Prigent et J.-Y. Hunot ; Service dĂ©partemental dâArchĂ©ologie du Conseil gĂ©nĂ©ral de Maine-et-Loire) et en 2002 (J.-Ph. Bouvet et Rolande Simon-Millot ; Direction rĂ©gionale des Affaires culturelles des Pays de la Loire) complĂšteront les observations de M. Gruet. Du vivant de lâauteur (dĂ©cĂ©dĂ© en 1998 ; cf. LâHelgouacâh, 1998 ; Siraudeau, 1998), le site, pour ce qui concerne la pĂ©riode du second Ăąge du Fer, nâa fait lâobjet que de quelques publications prĂ©liminaires (notamment Gruet et Passini 1985 ; 1986) et dâun article consacrĂ© aux monnaies gauloises (Aubin et al., 1982). Le site en gĂ©nĂ©ral, ainsi que le puits 30 et des mobiliers (amphores, monnaies, fibules et cĂ©ramiques, pesons de mĂ©tier Ă tisser notamment) ont Ă©tĂ© presentĂ©s sous forme de notices (13 au total) dans le catalogue consacrĂ© Ă lâexposition Nos ancĂȘtres les gaulois aux marges de lâArmorique (Santrot et Meuret [dir.], 1999). Une publication globale du site, structure par structure, assemblage de mobilier par assemblage, est en prĂ©paration (sous la direction de G. Aubin, J.- Ph. Bouvet, A. Levillayer et J. Siraudeau). Le village des Pichelots a fait aussi lâobjet (par les mĂȘmes auteurs) dâune notice en 2005 dans le cadre du Projet collectif de Recherche sur les agglomĂ©rations secondaires gallo-romaines de Bretagne et des Pays de la Loire. J. Siraudeau en a dĂ©jĂ Ă©tudiĂ© la totalitĂ© des amphores et le mobilier cĂ©ramique des Pichelots, totalement rĂ©Ă©tudiĂ©, est intĂ©grĂ© dans la thĂšse en cours de A. Levillayer. Le site, de par le mobilier seulement publiĂ© Ă ce jour â nombreux fragments dâamphores rĂ©publicaines, cĂ©ramiques largement tournĂ©es, fibules, monnayage gaulois â a Ă©tĂ© placĂ© Ă La TĂšne finale. Mais la reconstitution en cours des assemblages de mobilier expose une problĂ©matique complexe quant Ă la datation du village et Ă son Ă©volution chronologique, Ă savoir de La TĂšne C Ă la fin de La TĂšne D, voire au delĂ . NĂ©anmoins, il nous a semblĂ© important de publier, en hommage Ă M. Gruet, ce manuscrit datĂ© de 1988, proposĂ© par son fils Yves et consacrĂ© aux observations trĂšs prĂ©cises que le fouilleur avait pu effectuer, malgrĂ© des conditions a priori dĂ©favorables, sur les structures en bois et autres matiĂšres organiques dĂ©veloppĂ©es par les habitants des Pichelots. Ces structures en bois consistent en restes de poteaux correspondant Ă une palissade Ă©tablie dans un fossĂ© qui devait entourer lâhabitat et Ă des constructions plus ou moins adossĂ©es Ă celle-ci (mais dont les plans nâont pu ĂȘtre restituĂ©s). Cependant, ce sont surtout les traces de cuvelages repĂ©rĂ©es dans bon nombre de puits (plus de 31 furent Ă©tudiĂ©s en 1988) qui ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© tout un savoir-faire technique Ă partir de lâĂ©tude des piĂšces de bois prĂ©servĂ©es. Il ne faut pas nĂ©gliger non plus les indices liĂ©s au tissage, Ă la tonnellerie ou Ă la dĂ©coration du bĂąti, ni les outils en fer et les ferrures associĂ©s au travail du bois ainsi quâĂ sa mise en Ćuvre. Toutes ces observations et Ă©tudes de M. Gruet, issues de ce manuscrit, seront intĂ©grĂ©es Ă la publication gĂ©nĂ©rale du site en les rĂ©actualisant et en les replaçant dans les problĂ©matiques rĂ©centes de la recherche sur les Ăąges du Fer.Wood utilization in the La Tene village of Les Pichelots (Les Alleuds, Maine-et-Loire).Uncovered by chance through gravel quarrying in 1957-1963, the site of Les Pichelots has been sporadically studied by M. Gruet until he directed excavations there between 1973 and 1993, helped by B. Passini and J. Siraudeau. Complementary interventions occured in 1997 (by D. Prigent and J.-Y. Hunot) and in 2002 (by J.-Ph. Bouvet and R. Simon-Millot). The total studied area is not farshort of 5 hectares, for a total extension of the village estimated to nearly 7 hectares. During the lifetime, of the author (who died in 1998; cf. LâHelgouacâh 1998 ; Siraudeau, 1998), the site has only been the subject of a few preliminary reports (mostly Gruet and Passini 1985; 1986), plus a paper dedicated to the gaulish coins (Aubin et al., 1982). More recently, it has been presented through by a series of 13 notices in the catalogue of an exhibition (Santrot and Meuret, eds. 1999). A complete publication is in hand (under the direction of G. Aubin, J.-Ph. Bouvet, A. Levillayer and J. Siraudeau). From the assemblage yet published (mostly wheel-turned pottery, numerous hards of Republican amphorae, Gaulish coinage) the site has been dated as late La Tene, but the studies in progress suggest an evolution from La Tene C to the end of La Tene D, even later. Nevertheless, it seemed to us important to publish now this posthumous paper, dated 1988 and submitted by his son Yves. It is devoted to the very precise observations M. Gruet was able to carry out, despite very unfavourable conditions, on the wooden structures and other organic materials utilised by the inhabitants of Les Pichelots. The excavated wooden structures consist of post remains which correspond to a palisaded enclosure and buildings (unfortunately of undetermined plan) set against it. Much more significant were the traces of timbering still visible in many of the 31 wells excavated, the pieces preserved revealing a sophisticated technical knowledge. Moreover the site revealed evidence of weaving, cooperage and building decoration, plus iron tools and hinges linked to wood working use
Le sanctuaire gallo-romain de Vieille-Cour Ă Mauves-sur-Loire (Loire-Atlantique): bilan des connaissances
Le sanctuaire de lâagglomĂ©ration antique de Mauves-sur-Loire (Loire-Atlantique) a Ă©tĂ© fouillĂ© en 1885-1886, 1966 et 1976-1979, mais est restĂ© pratiquement inĂ©dit. La reprise de lâensemble de la documentation de fouille permet dâen proposer une lecture renouvelĂ©e. AprĂšs une occupation latĂ©nienne dâinterprĂ©tation malaisĂ©e, les phases principales datent du dĂ©but du iersiĂšcle, du dernier tiers de ce mĂȘme siĂšcle et du milieu du iie: elles signent le passage dâune aire cultuelle relativement modeste, oĂč aucun temple nâa pu ĂȘtre reconnu, Ă un temple romano-celtique lui-mĂȘme transformĂ© ensuite en un Ă©difice pĂ©riptĂšre sur podium. Le sanctuaire est abandonnĂ© dans le courant de la seconde moitiĂ© du ivesiĂšcle de notre Ăšre. Les mobiliers associĂ©s font lâobjet dâune Ă©tude plus ou moins complĂšte suivant les cas, Ă vocation chronologique ou thĂ©matique.The sanctuary of the Gallo-Roman small town of Mauves-sur-Loire (Loire-Atlantique) was excavated in 1885-1886, 1966 and 1976-1979, but has so far remained practically unpublished. Going back over the whole documentation related to the excavation now provides an opportunity to cast a new light on these documents. After a La Tene occupation which is not easy to interpret, the three main phases date from the the early 1st century AD, the last third of the same century, and the middle 2nd one : they signal the passage from a relatively small worship area, where no temple could be recognized, to a Romano-Celtic temple, which itself was then transformed into a pillared bulding on podium. The sanctuary was abandoned during the second half of 4th century. Associated assemblages are the subject of a study which, depending on the topics, is more or less comprehensive, and which is conducted from a chronological or thematic standpoint
Central role of mTORC1 downstream of YAP/TAZ in hepatoblastoma development.
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common type of liver malignancy in children. Recent studies suggest that activation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a major molecular event in HB development, as activated YAP synergizes with mutant beta-catenin to promote HB formation in mice (YAP/beta-catenin). However, how YAP regulates HB development remains poorly defined. Similarly, de-regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling has been implicated in multiple tumor types, but its functional role in HB development is scarcely understood. In the present study, we found that mTORC1 is activated in human HB cells and YAP/beta-catenin-induced mouse HB tumor tissues. mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 significantly inhibits human HB cell growth in vitro. Furthermore, ablation of Raptor, the unique subunit of mTORC1, strongly delayed YAP/beta-catenin-induced HB development in mice. At the molecular level, we found that expression of the amino acid transporter SLC38A1 is induced in mouse HB tissues, and amino acid deprivation leads to mTORC1 suppression in HB cell lines. Silencing of YAP and/or its paralog, transcriptional co-activator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ), decreased SLC38A1 expression as well as mTORC1 activation in HB cells. Furthermore, a frequent and concomitant upregulation of mTORC1 and SLC38A1 was detected in a collection of human HB specimens. Altogether, our study demonstrates the key role of mTORC1 in HB development. YAP and TAZ promote HB development via inducing SLC38A1 expression, whose upregulation leads to mTORC1 activation. Targeting mTOR pathway or amino acid transporters may represent novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of human HB
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