2,999 research outputs found
Chandra Imaging and Spectroscopy of the Eastern XA Region of the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant
The XA region of the Cygnus Loop is a bright knot of X-ray emission on the
eastern edge of the supernova remnant resulting from the interaction of the
supernova blast wave with density enhancements at the edge of a precursor
formed cavity. To study the nature and origin of the X-ray emission we use high
spatial resolution images from Chandra. Our goal is to probe the density of
various spectral extraction regions to form a picture of the cavity wall and
characterize the interaction between this supernova and the local interstellar
medium. We find that a series of regions along the edge of the X-ray emission
appears to trace out the location of the cavity wall. The best fit plasma
models result in two temperature component equilibrium models for each region.
The low temperature components have densities that are an order of magnitude
higher than the high temperature components. The high density plasma may exist
in the cavity wall where it equilibrates rapidly and cools efficiently. The low
density plasma is interior to the enhancement and heated further by a reverse
shock from the wall. Calculations of shock velocities and timescales since
shock heating are consistent with this interpretation. Furthermore, we find a
bright knot of emission indicative of a discrete interaction of the blast wave
with a high density cloud in the cavity wall with a size scale ~0.1 pc. Aside
from this, other extractions made interior to the X-ray edge are confused by
line of sight projection of various components. Some of these regions show
evidence of detecting the cavity wall but their location makes the
interpretation difficult. In general, the softer plasmas are well fit at
temperatures kT~0.11 keV, with harder plasmas at temperatures of kT~0.27 keV.
All regions display consistent metal depletions most notably in N, O, and Ne at
an average of 0.54, 0.55, and 0.36 times solar
Properties of large area ErBa2Cu3O(7-x) thin films deposited by ionized cluster beams
ErBa2Cu3O(7-x) films have been produced by simultaneous deposition of Er, Ba, and Cu from three ionized cluster beam (ICB) sources at acceleration voltages of 0.3 to 0.5 kV. Combining ozone oxidation with ICB deposition at 650 C eliminated any need of post annealing processing. The substrates were rotated at 10 rotations per minute during the deposition which took place at a rate of about 3 to 4 nm. Films with areas up to 70 mm in diameter have been made by ICB deposition. These films, 100 nm thick, were deposited on SrTiO3 (100) substrates at 650 C in a mixture of six percent O3 in O2 at a total pressure of 4 x 10(exp -4) Torr. They had T(sub c) ranging from 84.3 K to 86.8 K over a 70 mm diameter and J(sub c) above 10(exp 6) A/sq cm at 77 K. X ray diffraction measurements of the three samples showed preferential c-axis orientation normal to the substrate surface. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of the three samples also show some texture dependence on sample position. For the three samples, there is a correlation between SEM texture, full width at half-maximum of rocking curves and J(sub c) versus temperature curves
The Formation And Decomposition Of Nickel Carbide In Evaporated Nickel Films On Graphite
Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to study nickel carbide (Ni3C) formed during the evaporation of nickel onto the surface of single-crystal graphite. It is shown that Ni3C formed in this manner extends from the surface to close to the interface. A model is proposed to explain the mechanism of Ni3C formation. The 1s photoelectron peak from Ni3C is observed to have a binding energy 0.6 eV lower than that of pure graphite. This is attributed to the lack of any significant ionic bonding in Ni3C. © 1978
Live and Learn: Depoliticizing the Interim Appointments of U.S. Attorneys
Following the U.S. Attorney purge of 2006-2007, it is time to reassess the approach used to appoint interim U.S. Attorneys. Recent events have taught us how quickly U.S. Attorneys can become political pawns. Indeed, this scandal has jeopardized the credibility of federal prosecutors, disillusioned career prosecutors in those positions, and called into question the separation between professionalism and politics in the enforcement of our federal laws. To restore confidence in U.S. Attorneys Offices, a reexamination of the interim appointment process is critical so that the mistakes of 2006 are not repeated
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