Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience

The collective monograph describes the priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. The general issues of economic theory and history, economics and business management, finance and tax policy, modern management, public management and administration, etc. are considered. The publication is intended for scholars, teachers, postgraduate students, and students, as well as a wide readership

The historical aspects of the origin and development of pawnshops

The subject of research is the theoretical and practical problems of pawnshop regulation activities as an instrument to have influence on economic development of a country. The purpose of research is to study the historical aspects of the origin and development of pawnshops as non-bank credit institutions. Methods of research. In the process of analysis the economic essence of pawnshop activities was used: dialectical, system and structural methods. The historical and logical approaches were used to determine the stages of formation and development of pawnshop activities. The results of work. The article dedicates the pawnshop activities, which are quite a new kind of credit institutions in Ukraine. The historical aspects of the origin, formation and development of pawnshop institutions in Ukraine and World are considered in the article. The propounded approaches for the classification of the stages of pawnshop formation and development were allowed to define the features of the financial regulation services, which are provided by pawnshops. Conclusions. Pawnshops are one of the most conservative and stable financial institutions for persons, and are oriented to give small and short-term loans and perform the function of social and economic stabilizers in the conditions of any economic changes

Assessment of Ukraine’s regions competitiveness

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of assessing the regions competitiveness. The subject of investigation is the main approaches to managing Ukraine's competitiveness in the context of global challenges. The purpose of investigation is to analyze the current situation in the country and to determine the further development of the national economy and its regions. During the research the methods of systems analysis and economic analysis were used for substantiating the directions (vectors) and determining the factors characterizing competitiveness of regions and national economy. In the article the authors analyzed the existing domestic and foreign approaches to estimation of the competitiveness and argued the lack of a unified approach in this issue solving. It is determined that the regions competitiveness is achieved by growing the labor productivity, creating a favorable investment environment and the active perception of new technologies. It is established that a competitive region attracts foreign investments, forms social and economic stability and high living standards of population. It can conduct foreign trade effectively and achieve high productivity of the factors of production used. An awareness of objective inequality of social and economic development of Ukraine’s regions requires creating the effective mechanisms for stimulating regions development which potential driving force is the regional competitiveness strategy. Through competition mechanisms it is based on activating the territory internal potential, priority using of each particular region unique competitive advantages, providing the effective conditions for inter-regional competition, which are expected in the future to ensure a qualitative improvement of population living standards. The main directions for increasing the regions competitiveness, proposed by authors, are stable macroeconomic environment for investment, effective regime of the state's competitive policy, active foreign investment strategy, integrated support for innovative technologies, clusters creation, free access to financial resources, and development of effective infrastructure

Analysis of the current state of pension system in Ukraine

Subject of research are theoretical and practical issues of functioning and development of state and non-state pension funds in Ukraine. The purpose of writing the article is a scientific substantiation of the theoretical foundations of formation of pension, identifying peculiarities of its functioning in Ukraine and development of recommendations regarding ways to improve its further development. The methodology of work. The work is done on the basis of studies of modern scientific views on the definition of the nature and development of the pension system and private pension insurance in Ukraine. The results of the work. The aging population and the rising proportion of the elderly increased social and financial burden on the working population and caused high attention of modern society to the development of the pension system. Building a well-functioning state and non-state pension funds in Ukraine means creating a new powerful mechanism for pension provision. The importance of such funds is determined by their ability to be a significant source of support for social standards and at the same time a battery of internal investment resources for the accelerated development of the national economy. Practical significance of the obtained results. Theoretical provisions and conclusions of this study are of practical importance in the process of improving the mechanism of financial provision of the system of social protection of the population. Conclusions. Improving pension reform will respond to the improvement of the whole economic system, because the establishment of an accumulation Fund and the system of private pension funds would create additional incentives for the release of the shadow economy and will serve as a great potential financial resources for investment and economic development. Advantages of a funded system is that it does not depend on population issues, provides investment resources of the economy, by raising funds that are accumulated in it, provides personalization and individualization of accumulated funds and provides differentiation of pensions depending on the personal savings of the person. The main threats at the introduction of a funded system are : depreciation of pension savings due to inflation

The necessity of economic modernization of Ukraine under conditions of globalization

The general objective: identifying the mechanisms of managing by objectives processes of modernization on the part of the state using an implementation of certain rules, procedures and action standards for subjects of modernization. Implementation of the objective implies solving the following tasks: performing analysis as a basis for synthesis of the problematic situation of modernization in the main areas of society in the period of post-crisis development; systemizing main characteristics of activation of processes of modernization in the domestic economy; studying influence of external factors of Ukraine’s open economy on processes of modernization. The object of the research is a socio-economic sphere of Ukraine. The subject of the research includes mechanisms and relationships which facilitate the performing of modernization of Ukrainian society in the period of post-crisis economic development. Theoretical and methodological basis of work is an analytical and systematic approach to the study of the object of research. Methods of research. Theoretical and empirical methods of scientific knowledge: historical and logical, statistical, induction and deduction, comparative analysis, abstraction and aggregation of the main principles of economics. Results of work. The purpose and consequences of the modernization of Ukraine's economy are defined, a concept of «modernization of economy» is refined, the basic trends and the directions modernization of the national economy are considered. Conclusions. The successful modernization of a country is the guaranty of its dynamic and democratic development. The strategic purpose of economic development of Ukraine is its joining in the group of developing countries

The Necessity of insuring the budget process transparency

The subject of research is theoretical and practical issues of budget system as a tool to influence economic development. The aim of the study is to determine the characteristics of the domestic budget system in modern conditions and justification of the directions of its improvement. Research methods. The paper used set of scientific methods and approaches, including systemic, structural, comparative factor that allowed unity to realize the conceptual study. The results. The problems of the budget system. The necessity of a broad application of the principle of transparency in the budget process, which guarantees the efficiency of the whole budget system. Range of application results. The budgetary system of the state and its mechanism of action. Conclusions. Transparency fiscal sphere involves compliance with European principles and standards of state aid to enterprises and industries, clarity and coherence of the legislation on tender purchases and maximum compliance with its rules. Ensuring transparency of public sector is a complex problem that requires a systemic, consistent action in different sectors and areas of government regulation. This task is now to be among the priorities in the plans of the authorities

Concepts of Ukraine’s social and economic development

The subject of research is the concepts, strategies and programs of socio-economic development of the country. The purpose of research is to substantiate the basic concepts of socio-economic development of Ukraine in the future, to define the ways to implement the strategies at the regional and local levels in the future. Theoretical and methodological basis of research are: the main provisions and principles of the market economy theory, the economists’ scientific works on regulation problems of economic development, the basic scientific research of organizations on regulation problems of economic development at national and regional levels. The results of work. Strategies, programs and plans are being developed by the state at all levels of the national economy – the most important policy instruments of governance subjects. They allow to organize a clear, thought-out, thoroughly grounded work for the achievement of the socio-economic purposes. Analysis of concepts, strategies and programs of socio-economic development as on the national as regional level, sectors of the national economy, confirms that they are based on common world practice criteria for public priorities which have embraced the whole range of real problems

Features of labour organization and work quota setting in Ukraine

In market conditions work quota setting is becoming increasingly important from the standpoint of its using as a tool for measuring, evaluating and regulating economic activity, rather than a tool of coercion to work intended solely for establishing stressful standards and their implementation. The article is devoted to the study of the features of labour organization and work quota setting in Ukraine. The essence and role of work quota setting as a factor of competitiveness growth in modern conditions are considered. The main principles of organization of work quota setting and its objects at Ukrainian enterprises are reviewed. An attention to the main task and functions of work quota setting, its domestic practice and shortcomings is paid. The factors contributing to the improvement of labour organization conditions and labour remuneration are summarized. In this work the general scientific research methods were used, such as the analysis of normative, scientific and educational literature, abstraction, synthesis, classification. The empirical methods used in the work are observations and comparisons. Conclusions: All measures for work quota setting improvement can be grouped in the following areas: 1) reducing the number of workers who do not meet production standards; 2) ensuring the optimal workload of labour standards; 3) increasing in the volume of work quota setting at the enterprises of all workers categories; 4) mandatory revision of standards in the workplaces in the process of organizational and technical activities implementation. Thus, work quota setting contributes to the rational placement of the enterprise employees and the appropriate using of their working time. It affects the improvement of production and labour organization. The norms developed are applied in the process of forming the plans for an enterprise and its structural units with the aim of labour division and cooperation, determination of the necessary amount of equipment and the number of employees, etc

Analysis of receipts and expenditures of the state budget of Ukraine

The purpose of research is to study the trends of receipts and use of the state budget of Ukraine. The subject of research is theoretical and practical issues of formation and use of the country’s state budget. Methods of research. The following scientific methods are used: abstraction, comparison, analysis and synthesis, systematization and generalization. The results of work. The current state of the state budget of Ukraine is considered in the article. The basic components of receipts and expenditures of the state budget of Ukraine are studied. The problems of receipts and effective use of public funds are substantiated. The measures for optimizing the sources of receipts and directions for use of the state’s financial resources are offered. Practical Implications: The results of this study can be applied in the reform of the budget system of Ukraine. Conclusions. The profitable part of the budget is filled with various sources for greater stabilization and reduce the risk of receipts, so need to pay attention to the least developed source of receipts, such as receipts from capital transactions, directed funds, increase which will be allowed reduce load and dependence on the state budget. An analysis of the expenditure budget of Ukraine for 2010-2015 shows that the amount of expenditure increases annually on all indices. The priority task of budget policy of Ukraine is to modernize the budget sector of the economy and to re-orientate the state expenditure in the direction of the economy, efficiency and effectiveness

Problems and perspectives for the use of human resources potential of agricultural enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of socio-economic relations regarding problems and perspectives of labor resource potential of agrarian enterprises. The purpose of the work is to identify the main problems of population reproduction at the present stage of development of rural areas of Ukraine, employment in general and economically active population, in particular, assessing the scope of informal employment and justifying on this basis the prospects for improving the labor resource potential of agrarian enterprises and managing them. Methodological basis of the article became statistical and mathematical methods of research: absolute and relative values, index, statistical groupings, series of dynamics. The International Labor Organization (ILO) methodology was used to assess employment and unemployment among the main sex and age groups of the population. Results of work. An important condition for successful work of agrarian enterprises and ensuring their productive and resource potential is the security and continuity of their employees. Management of labor resources is one of the main areas of economic activity in agrarian enterprises, the purpose of which is to identify new ones and increase existing sources and reserves for increasing the efficiency of production by increasing its volume with increasing productivity and better use of wages. The urgency of the research of labor resources of agrarian enterprises and their practical solution is compounded by the need to increase employment and reduce unemployment of rural residents, stabilize the labor market in the countryside, stop the depopulation of rural population, and preserve the settlement network of rural areas. The field of application of results. Research results can be used in the activity of agrarian enterprises in order to create new competitive advantages, increase the efficiency of labor resource use and strengthen its competitive position in the market. Conclusions. As in most developed countries, there is a direct correlation between the level of education and the level of economic activity in Ukraine: the higher the level of education, the higher the level of economic activity, the lower the level of education, the greater the gap in the levels of economic activity of rural and urban populations. Formation of effective production-resource potential in agrarian enterprises of Ukraine is possible through the implementation of such a personnel policy, which involves planning of staffing needs, effective use of employees (training, staff development), the use of material incentives and socially oriented motivational mechanisms. A significant reduction in the number of employed rural populations leads to high risks of poverty, vulnerability and social exclusion, which has contributed to the creation of an extremely negative trend in the labor market. To survive under such difficult conditions, the peasants who previously earned funds from collective farms and state farms were forced to engage in growing products for sale or exchange in a personal farm, or to go to work abroad or to Ukrainian cities where the situation on the labor market was more favorable. Only a small percentage of the peasants managed to establish farms, such as those operating in developed countries