Beyond Hague VIII: Other Legal Limits on Naval Mine Warfare

Legal texts and scholarly articles that deal with the topic of naval mine warfare typically do so by reference to Hague Convention VIII of 1907 and customary international law. Little comment, if any, is usually made in relation to the variety of other legal regimes that might impact upon the use of naval mines in armed conflict. This article seeks to redress that imbalance by examining, with a focus on the jus in bello, a range of legal considerations arising from more contemporary sources that affect the use of naval mines in international armed conflict

Social Entrepreneurship and Social Transformation

This study provides a comparative analysis of seven cases of social entrepreneurship that have been widely recognized as successful. The paper suggests factors associated with successful social entrepreneurship, particularly with social entrepreneurship that leads to significant changes in the social, political and economic contexts for poor and marginalized groups. It generates hypotheses about core innovations, leadership, organization, and scaling up in successful social entrepreneurship. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for the practice of social entrepreneurship, for further research, and for the continued development of support technologies and institutions that will encourage future social entrepreneurship.This publication is Hauser Center Working Paper No. 15. The Hauser Center Working Paper Series was launched during the summer of 2000. The Series enables the Hauser Center to share with a broad audience important works-in-progress written by Hauser Center scholars and researchers

The Legal Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Maritime Systems: Warship, Torpedo, or Naval Mine?

With the rapid advances in autonomous navigation and artificial intelligence technology, naval industries are edging closer to the development of unmanned maritime platforms with lethal autonomous capability—lethal autonomous maritime systems (LAMS). The emergence of LAMS as a sui generis hybrid weapon system will almost certainly generate disagreement on their legal status. Currently, there is no agreement among States as to whether LAMS should legally be characterized as warships or other means of warfare, such as torpedoes and naval mines. This lack of certainty represents a significant deficiency with potential strategic and operational implications if left unresolved. To assist States in assessing the strategic and national interests served by characterizing LAMS within the existing legal framework, this article examines the legal implications of designating LAMS as a warship, torpedo, or naval mine under the applicable rules of international law for each. These legal implications are discussed with specific consideration of navigational rights in peacetime and belligerent rights in the conduct of hostilities during armed conflict

Sexual minority prevalence and attitudes within the British horseracing industry

From SAGE Publishing via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: epub 2020-11-01Publication status: PublishedThis article utilises the theories of Inclusive Masculinity and Organisational Cultural Lag to provide the first comprehensive exploration of sexual minority inclusion in the British horseracing industry. The study employs a quantitative approach, involving a survey distributed to two mixed-gender populations within the sport: jockeys (n = 149) and non-athlete stakeholders (n = 308). Results indicate that approximately one fifth of jockeys selected a response other than ‘straight’, while less than 4% of the population of jockeys and stakeholders would view a sexual minority colleague ‘very negatively’. However, despite the relatively high proportion of sexual minority individuals working within the industry, and the positive attitudinal responses towards having a sexual minority colleague, only one of the 149 jockeys surveyed identified as a sexual minority and were publicly ‘out’

Social Entrepreneurship: Leadership that Facilitates Societal Transformation-An Exploratory Study

This study provides a comparative analysis of seven cases of social entrepreneurship that have been widely recognized as successful. The paper suggests factors associated with successful social entrepreneurship, particularly with social entrepreneurship that leads to significant changes in the social, political and economic contexts for poor and marginalized groups. It generates hypotheses about core innovations, leadership, organization, and scaling up in successful social entrepreneurship. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications for the practice of social entrepreneurship, for further research, and for the continued development of support technologies and institutions that will encourage future social entrepreneurship

The Legal Characterization of Lethal Autonomous Maritime Systems: Warship, Torpedo, or Naval Mine?

With the rapid advances in autonomous navigation and artificial intelligence technology, naval industries are edging closer to the development of unmanned maritime platforms with lethal autonomous capability-lethal autonomous maritime systems (LAMS). The emergence of LAMS as a sui generis hybrid weapon system will almost certainly generate disagreement on their legal status. Currently, there is no agreement among States as to whether LAMS should legally be characterized as warships or other means of warfare, such as torpedoes and naval mines. This lack of certainty represents a significant deficiency with potential strategic and operational implications if left unresolved. To assist States in assessing the strategic and national interests served by characterizing LAMS within the existing legal framework, this article examines the legal implications of designating LAMS as a warship, torpedo, or naval mine under the applicable rules of international law for each. These legal implications are discussed with specific consideration of navigational rights in peacetime and belligerent rights in the conduct of hostilities during armed conflict

Challenges for the Law of the Sea in South East Asia: Resolving Current Controversies and Addressing Horizon Threats

The law of the sea in South East Asia is currently facing many challenges. These challenges arise not so much from the law itself but from the consequences of the law of the sea for the region and how South East Asian States have responded to the law. South East Asian States have been beneficiaries and strong supporters of the law of the sea, as framed around the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC). This chapter assesses the challenges confronting the law of the sea in South East Asia by first considering current and known controversies and how the law of the sea has responded to and is shaping those controversies. Consideration will then move to an assessment of known, assumed and potential horizon threats for the law of the sea in South East Asia

Monitoring physical functioning as the sixth vital sign: evaluating patient and practice engagement in chronic illness care in a primary care setting--a quasi-experimental design

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Canada, one in three adults or almost 9 million people report having a chronic condition. Over two thirds of total deaths result from cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and respiratory illness and 77% of persons ≥65 years have at least one chronic condition. Persons with chronic disease are at risk for functional decline; as a result, there is an increased awareness of the significance of functional status as an important health outcome. The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients who receive a multi-component rehabilitation intervention, including online monitoring of function with feedback and self-management workshops, showed less functional decline than case matched controls who did not receive this intervention. In addition, we wanted to determine whether capacity building initiatives within the Family Health Team promote a collaborative approach to Chronic Disease Management.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A population-based multi-component rehabilitation intervention delivered to persons with chronic illnesses (≥ 44 yrs) (n = 60) was compared to a group of age and sex matched controls (n = 60) with chronic illnesses receiving usual care within a primary healthcare setting. The population-based intervention consisted of four main components: (1) function-based individual assessment and action planning, (2) rehabilitation self-management workshops, (3) on-line self-assessment of function and (4) organizational capacity building. T-tests and chi-square tests were used for continuous and categorical variables respectively in baseline comparison between groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two MANOVA showed significant between group differences in patient reported physical functioning (Λ = 0.88, F = (2.86) = 5.97. p = 0.004) and for the physical performance measures collectively as the dependent variable (Λ = 0.80, F = (6.93) = 3.68. p = 0.0025). There were no within group differences for the capacity measures.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>It is feasible to monitor physical functioning as a health outcome for persons with chronic illness in primary care. The timeline for this study was not sufficient to show an increase in the capacity within the team; however there were some differences in patient outcomes. The short timeline was likely not sufficient to build the capacity required to support this approach.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p><a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00859638">NCT00859638</a></p

The Newport Manual on the Law of Naval Warfare

The Newport Manual on the Law of Naval Warfare is the first effort to restate the law of naval warfare as a purely lex lata exercise since 1955. It is designed to provide a practical guide for commanders and seafarers, lawyers and officials, and educators and students. In doing so, the Manual also factors in the developments in warfighting technologies in recent decades, which have significantly influenced the nature of war at sea