PENERAPAN BIOTEKNOLOGI DALAM EKSTRAKSI MINYAK KELAPA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KHAMIR ROTI (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)

This research is aimed for knowing the influence of temperature, pH, and their interaction on the amount and quality of oils formed in fermentative extraction of coconut oil using bakers, yeast the treatment examined temperature divided into four treatments, pH divided into two treatments, and three repetitions. All treatment in this research met SII. The research result show that: (1) Treatment of temperatures give different effects on the amount of oils, temperatures of 350C and 300C produced the highest amount of oil, give different effects on water content, temperatures of 300C and 350C resulted in the lowest amount of water content, gave different effect on iodine number, and on lathering number, temperature of 350C resulted in the lowest number, did not give different effects on the level of free-fats acid. (2) Treatment of pH did not give different effect on the amount of oil, on water content but give different effect on iodine number, on lathering number, pH of 4 was lower the pH of 4.5. (3) Interaction of treatments of temperatures and pHs give different effect on the amount of oil, temperatures of 350C with pH of 4 and temperatures of 300C with pH 4 produced highest amount of oil, give different effect on water content, temperature of 300C with the pH of 4.5 resulted in the lowest amount of water content, the temperature of 250C with pH 4.5 produced high water content (0.55%), temperature 300C with pH 4.5 resulted in the lowest peroxide number. It gives different effect on the content of free fats acid, produced oil whit bright colour, good taste and smell and it was not immediately rancid. &nbsp

Getting Hip to the Hop: A Rap Bibliography/Discography

This bibliographic/discographic essay examines works which may be used to develop a core collection on Rap music. A selected bibliography and discography is also provided

Impact of Small Scale Irrigation on Household Farm Income and Asset Holding: Evidence from Shebedino District, Southern Ethiopia

Irrigation as an agricultural intensification method plays dominant role in increasing agricultural production and productivity. The main objective of this study was to assess impact of small scale irrigation use on household farm income and asset holding. Relevant primary and secondary data were collected to respond to the objectives of the study. The primary data were collected from randomly selected 93 irrigation user households and 103 non-user households drawn based on proportion to population size. Secondary data were collected from review of relevant related literatures. Both descriptive statistics and econometric model were used for analyzing quantitative data of the study. Twelve variables were hypothesized that determine households’ probability of participation in irrigation use and seven of them were found significant. The study has found that age, educational level, contact frequency with agricultural development agent, credit access, access to mass media,  participation in irrigation  related training and livestock ownership were the variables that significantly influence households’ use of small scale irrigation. The result of PSM analysis indicate that participation in irrigation use has increased annual household farm income by 19,474.8 ETB for participant households than non-participant households which is significant at 1% level. Similarly, it has increased their physical asset holding which is measured in Ethiopian birr valued 27,502 ETB at 1% statistically significance level. The sensitivity analysis result showed that the impact results estimated by this study were in sensitive to unobserved selection bias. It was concluded that irrigation has positive and significant impact on annual farm income and asset holding of the rural farming households. Therefore, governmental and nongovernmental organizations working on irrigation should promote irrigation in livelihood improvement procedure. Keywords: Key Words: Asset holding, Farm income, Small scale irrigatio

C.P.E. Bach's Instrumental "Recompositions": Revisions or Alternatives?

With the existence of so many alternative renditions of Bach's works, we need to question the possibility of arriving at any "authoritative version" from the viewpoint of either the editior or the performer. The search for such an "authoritative version" would obviously weigh in favor of composer preference. But even in cases in which it is possible to ascertain such preference, can we count on the composer in all instances to be the best judge of his/her own compositions? Can we assume, in fact, that future generations will necessarily concur with the composer's judgment of revisionary alterations? The new varied reprises in Bach's sonatinas, with their virtuoso keyboard displays, surely made the works "more brilliant," and the addition of horns to the ensemble rendered them more up-to-date, perhaps even more fashionable; but whether they are really "better," as Bach asserts, or whether they merely reflect a later reconsideration of the genre is far less clear

Reclaiming Voices and Identities: An Examination of African American Educators’ Experiences Before and After Brown v. Board of Education

The Brown v. Board of Education rulings in 1954 and 1955 are often regarded as cases that set the precedent for dismantling schools operating on a racially “separate but equal” system. The outcome of the Brown v. Board of Education rulings led to the closing of Black schools as well as the dismissal and displacement of Black educators (Fultz, 2004). Black educators’ experiences of teaching in segregated and desegregated schools, as well as their role in challenging inequitable education conditions, are topics that continue to be ignored in mainstream society (Fultz, 1995; 2004; Siddle-Walker, 2013). The purpose of this life history study is to explore how segregated schooling, the Brown v. Board of Education decisions in 1954 and 1955, and subsequent social policies during the Civil Rights era shaped Black educators’ personal and professional identities. The study draws upon literature from 1935 to 2014 to provide a comprehensive overview of Black educators’ teaching experiences before and after the Brown v. Board of Education litigations. Two bodies of theory shape this study. First Critical Race Theory (CRT) is used to examine Black educators’ experiences and create a platform for them to counter narratives that distorts Black people’s historical experiences in education (Bell, 1975; Ladson-Billings, 1998; 2004). Next, this study utilizes the following theories to examine how the educators constructed, narrated, and performed their personal and professional identities in educational spaces: (a) figured worlds (Holland, Lachiotte, Skinner, and Cain, 1998); (b) institutional identity (Gee, 2001; and (c) performance theory (Butler, 1991).Purposive sampling and community nomination (Foster, 1999) were used to select and present interviews of four African American educators in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area who participated in a series of semi-structured interviews that focused on their lived experiences of de jure and de facto segregation. An interpretive analysis of the data suggests five themes that utilize the participants’ language. The implications of this study echo other studies that focus on Black educators’ lived experiences and instructional practice. This study also offers implications for research in teacher education, curriculum and instruction in PK-12 and teacher preparation programs, as well as policy

Executive Authority and Free Speech: An Analysis on the Restraints of Presidential Power

This analysis examines the implications of social media platforms in connection to free speech and presidential power. Specifically, this study will be drawing on a precedent legal case, Knight First Amendment Inst. v. Trump (2019) along with other cases that are relevant to this paper. This research is contributing to the literature by exploring the topic of how developing technology is influencing political communication. Results support the idea that the definition of public forum needs to be expanded and updated to include social media. Theoretical consequences for the role of social media in connection to executive authority and First Amendment are discussed

Early English Theatres

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, sport and amusement became increasingly popular to everyone. Even the poor were enthusiastic and interested in drama. Although different forms of plays like the miracle and morality had existed for many years, the drama had finally outgrown the inn-yard and wagon stages. Therefore, a new place was necessary for the presentation of plays. These \u27new places\u27 were called theatres. There were three kinds of theatres in Queen Elizabeth\u27s time. They were the public theatres, the private theatres, and the court theatre

Effects of Soil and Water Conservation on Selected Soil Physicochemical Properties and Its Implication on Soil Productivity in Ethiopia. A Review

Soil erosion and land degradation have been a severe problem in the Ethiopian highlands due to dense population, high livestock density and intensive crop production in the area. Soil and water conservation practice is one the mechanism used to reduce soil and associated nutrient loss; thus, reduce the risk of production. Efforts were started through soil and water conservation strategy at a large scale on farmland since the mid-1970 and 1980’s. However, its effectiveness depends on specific site conditions. Therefore, reviewing the effects and implication of the soil and water conservation practices on selected soil physicochemical properties and soil productivity is essential. The study conducted in various part of the country showed that the implemented soil bund reduced annual runoff and soil loss at different rates. Soil and water conservation have improved the soil physicochemical properties on conserved cropland (BD, SMC, infiltration rate, clay content, pH, CEC,  av. K, av. P, SOC and TN) than in the adjacent cropland without soil and water conservation measures. In contrast, the constructed soil and water conservation has shown no significant variations as compared to adjacent cropland in a study conducted at Dawuro zone, Southern Ethiopia. Soil and water conservation, reduce the removal of fertile topsoil and improves soil moisture, which favors crop growth as a result grain yield of the crops were increased at various rates based on agro ecology, crop type and local management practices. In general, the effect of constructed soil and water conservation had clearly showed positive impact on selected soil physicochemical properties and crop yields. Therefore, maintenance of the existing soil and water conservation structures is highly recommended to sustain its benefit, productivity and production; hence, improve the livelihood of the community. Keywords: land degradation, soil and water conservation, soil properties, soil productivity. DOI: 10.7176/JEES/9-5-02 Publication date:May 31st 201

Flawed Knighthood and Kingship in the Medieval Literary Tradition

Throughout the corpus of medieval literature, especially fourteenth-century romance, chivalry plays a significant role as a social construct for gauging both successful and disastrous kingship. For kings like Henry II, Richard I, Edward III, Richard II, Henry IV, and Edward IV, the literature of the time offers insights on the difficulties of chivalry and kingship in representation and practice. Production of vernacular chivalric romance literature evolved considerably in the thirteenth and fourteenth-centuries in England. Geoffrey Chaucer’s fourteenth-century Knight’s Tale, and the anonymous Stanzaic Morte Arthur and Alliterative Morte Arthure offer a stinging critique of chivalry potentially aimed at Richard II, branded a tyrant by his enemies. Highlighting both the flaws in kingship and knighthood, Chaucer’s tale reveals the consequences of picking and choosing which parts of the chivalric code to follow. Nearly one hundred years later, Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur (c. 1471) and the fifteenth-century ballad A Gest of Robin Hood follow the failures and triumphs of kings and their supposedly chivalric knights. The unrest of Richard II’s rocky reign in England from 1377 until his deposition in 1399 echoes in the Knight’s Tale and several other contemporary romances. The later Gest of Robin Hood similarly responds to the civil strife of the Wars of the Roses. The Gest looks back at the reign of Edward III as a period of “good law” corrupted by greedy officials and churchmen. The knights in this literature are a negative reflection of failed kingship through their often violent, or irrational behavior. Thomas Walsingham, chronicler of Richard’s reign, describes knights rendered useless on the battlefield because of their involvement with women. Chaucer’s Palamon and Arcite fit Walsingham’s description, finding themselves in dire circumstances as they abandon their loyalties for a woman. Similarly, the only knight in the Gest is unable to defend himself, by no fault of his own, and this deficiency leads to his capture by the sheriff, a corrupt official of the king. Robin Hood’s tempers his outlawry with chivalry when he aids the knight, a common theme in the ballad tradition recounting the tales of the outlaw where he behaves more like a noble than brigand. The Gest offers insight into the effects of both strong and corrupt kingship, juxtaposing noble officials alongside Robin Hood. These relationships between knight and king can be read alongside literature written by knights defining ideal chivalric behavior such as Geoffroi De Charny’s A Knight’s Own Book of Chivalry of fourteenth century, and the thirteenth-century Book of the Order of Chivalry written by Ramon Lull. For English kings the literature of the time offered insights on the difficulties of chivalry and kingship in representation and practice. Literature operates as speculum regis—mirrors to princes. Works like the Knight’s Tale, the Stanzaic Morte Arthur, the Alliterative Morte Arthure, Malory’s Morte Darthur, and the Gest of Robyn Hode critique the fractious behavior kings and their knights