3 research outputs found

    Análise de metodologias de quantificação de substâncias húmicas em lixiviados de aterros de resíduos sólidos

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    Resumo Substâncias Húmicas (SH) são definidas como polímeros amorfos, de massa molar elevada, estruturas complexas e heterogêneas, que alteram com frequência as suas conformações em função das interações que ocorrem entre os grupos funcionais presentes na sua estrutura. A presença dessas substâncias principalmente nos lixiviados de aterros de resíduos sólidos e, em maior quantidade, em lixiviados de aterros antigos, dificulta o tratamento dos lixiviados, devido ao alto grau de recalcitrância de tal matéria orgânica. Nesse estudo, dois métodos de quantificação de SH foram testados em dois lixiviados gerados em aterros do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, oriundos do Aterro Controlado de Gericinó (ACG) e o Aterro Metropolitano de Gramacho (AMG), assim como o seu fracionamento nas frações Ácidos Húmicos (AH) e Ácidos Fúlvicos (AF). Os resultados de SH foram, respectivamente, 616 e 608 mg L-1 para o lixiviado proveniente do ACG e 1182 e 1191 mg L-1 para o lixiviado proveniente do AMG. O lixiviado oriundo do ACG apresentou 33% (201 mg L-1) de AH e 67% (411 mg L-1) de AF e o de AMG apresentou 37% (437 mg L-1) de AH e 63% (741 mg L-1) de AF

    Implementation of a Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional (BALANCE) Program for improvement on quality of diet and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: A randomized, multicenter trial

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    Background: Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD. Methods: In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels. Results: From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P <.01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P =.15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up. Conclusions: The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death. © 2019 The Author
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