10 research outputs found
Educational inequality in consumption of in natura or minimally processed foods and ultra-processed foods: The intersection between sex and race/skin color in Brazil
BackgroundIt remains uncertain how the intersection between educational, gender, and race/skin color inequalities influences food consumption in Brazil. In this study, we examined the educational inequality in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods by Brazilians with an intersectional perspective between sex and race/color.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the Telephone Surveillance System (VIGITEL 2019), comprising 52,443 participants ≥ 18 years. Daily food consumption was considered high when consumption of ≥5 foods for each food group was reported the day before the survey. Educational inequality in food consumption was assessed by the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII) according to sex and race/color (White; Black/Brown). Positive SII and RII values > 1.0 indicate higher food consumption among more educated participants.ResultsThe consumptions of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods were more prevalent in those with the highest level of education (≥12 years) and intermediate education (9–11 years), respectively. However, highly educated White women had higher consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods than Black women with the same education level, and White men in low and intermediate school levels had higher consumption of these foods than Black men with the same education levels. We found higher absolute educational inequality for in natura/minimally processed foods among White women (SII 21.8, 95% CI 15.3, 28.4) and Black/Brown men (SII 19.3, 95% CI 12.5, 26.1). Black/Brown men (SII 7.3, 95% CI 0.5, 14.0) and Black/Brown women (SII 5.6, 95% CI 1.0, 10.2) had higher absolute educational inequality than White men (SII −3.3, 95% CI −10.9, 4.3; P = 0.04) in the consumption of ultra-processed foods.ConclusionEducational inequalities influenced the consumption of in natura/minimally processed more than ultra-processed foods, and, for the latter, inequalities were greater among Black/Brown men and women than among White men
Avaliação ultra-sonográfica e ao Doppler dos TIPS (anastomose portossistêmica intra-hepática transjugular)
Schistosoma mansoni : magnetic resonance analysis of liver fibrosis according to WHO patterns for ultrasound assessment of schistosomiasis-related morbidity
For the last two decades, ultrasound (US) has been considered a
surrogate for the gold standard in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in
schistosomiasis. The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not yet
standardised for diagnosing and grading liver schistosomal fibrosis.
The aim of this paper was to analyse MRI using an adaptation of World
Health Organization (WHO) patterns for US assessment of
schistosomiasis-related morbidity. US and MRI were independently
performed in 60 patients (42.1 ± 13.4 years old), including 37 men
and 23 women with schistosomiasis. Liver involvement appraised by US
and MRI was classified according to the WHO protocol from patterns A-F.
Agreement between image methods was evaluated by kappa index (k). The
correlation between US and MRI was poor using WHO patterns [k = 0.14;
confidence interval (CI) 0.02; 0.26]. Even after grouping image
patterns as “A-D”, “Dc-E” and
“Ec-F”, the correlation between US and MRI remained weak (k
= 0.39; CI 0.21; 0.58). The magnetic resonance adaptation used in our
study did not confirm US classification of WHO patterns for liver
fibrosis
Data_Sheet_1_Educational inequality in consumption of in natura or minimally processed foods and ultra-processed foods: The intersection between sex and race/skin color in Brazil.PDF
BackgroundIt remains uncertain how the intersection between educational, gender, and race/skin color inequalities influences food consumption in Brazil. In this study, we examined the educational inequality in the consumption of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods by Brazilians with an intersectional perspective between sex and race/color.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from the Telephone Surveillance System (VIGITEL 2019), comprising 52,443 participants ≥ 18 years. Daily food consumption was considered high when consumption of ≥5 foods for each food group was reported the day before the survey. Educational inequality in food consumption was assessed by the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative index of inequality (RII) according to sex and race/color (White; Black/Brown). Positive SII and RII values > 1.0 indicate higher food consumption among more educated participants.ResultsThe consumptions of in natura/minimally processed and ultra-processed foods were more prevalent in those with the highest level of education (≥12 years) and intermediate education (9–11 years), respectively. However, highly educated White women had higher consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods than Black women with the same education level, and White men in low and intermediate school levels had higher consumption of these foods than Black men with the same education levels. We found higher absolute educational inequality for in natura/minimally processed foods among White women (SII 21.8, 95% CI 15.3, 28.4) and Black/Brown men (SII 19.3, 95% CI 12.5, 26.1). Black/Brown men (SII 7.3, 95% CI 0.5, 14.0) and Black/Brown women (SII 5.6, 95% CI 1.0, 10.2) had higher absolute educational inequality than White men (SII −3.3, 95% CI −10.9, 4.3; P = 0.04) in the consumption of ultra-processed foods.ConclusionEducational inequalities influenced the consumption of in natura/minimally processed more than ultra-processed foods, and, for the latter, inequalities were greater among Black/Brown men and women than among White men.</p
Questionnaire development in ELSA-Brasil : challenges of a multidimensional instrument.
O artigo apresenta o processo de elaboração do questionário utilizado no Estudo
Longitudinal de Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). Iniciamos pelo relato sobre
a “Seleção de Temas” abordados no questionário, cujo conteúdo teria que
abranger o conhecimento disponível acerca da complexa rede de causalidade dos
desfechos de interesse, assim como possibilitar a comparabilidade com estudos
semelhantes. Contextualizamos a “tradução e a adaptação de instrumentos
de medida”, necessárias no caso de escalas de avaliação de vizinhanças, do
instrumento para diagnóstico de transtornos depressivos e de ansiedade, e do
questionário de frequência alimentar. A seguir, comentamos os critérios que
nortearam a “ordem dos blocos temáticos” e fi nalmente a importância prática
dos “pré-testes e estudos-piloto”. As relações entre o conjunto de informações
reunidas no ELSA poderão constituir contribuição original sobre os fatores
que causam ou agravam os desfechos de interesse no contexto brasileiro, assim
como sobre seus fatores de proteção.This article describes the development of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study for
Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil) questionnaire. We fi rst address the selection of
topics whose contents have to cover the knowledge available on the complex
causal network of outcomes and allow comparability with similar studies. Then
we deal with the “translation and adaptation of measurement instruments”
including neighborhood environment rating scales, depression and anxiety
disorder rating scale and a food frequency questionnaire and discuss criteria
that guided “theme block sequencing”. And fi nally we focus on the practical
importance of “pretesting and pilot studies”. The ELSA may provide an original
contribution regarding factors that cause or aggravate the outcomes of interest
in the Brazilian population, as well as protective factors