Quando e onde se acidentam e morrem os motociclistas em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a tendência dos acidentes de transporte terrestre com motociclistas em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, de 2007 a 2011, e identificar aglomerados e interseções das vias públicas de maior risco. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados da Polícia Militar e do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU). Para identificar as interseções críticas foram calculadas as taxas de severidade dos acidentes. Utilizou-se duas técnicas de estatística espacial para analisar os aglomerados de acidentes: análise de kernel e estatística Scan (modelo de Poisson contínuo). Os aglomerados de risco de acidentes foram detectados na Região Central e nos corredores de tráfego. O risco de acidentes, inclusive fatais, foi maior em segmentos que nas interseções. As interseções críticas são rotas de acesso para as regiões da Grande Belo Horizonte. As taxas de mortalidade e de acidentes apresentaram duas tendências distintas. Além disso, a maioria dos óbitos ocorreu à noite. Justifica-se a importância da melhoria das rotas para os motociclistas e do transporte público

Cuándo y dónde se accidentan y mueren los motociclistas en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-07-05T13:55:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Eugênio_Diniz_Quando_CPqRR_2015.pdf: 488483 bytes, checksum: 3b7b64f2d5952ce38294dd6b59f2e324 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-07-05T13:59:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Eugênio_Diniz_Quando_CPqRR_2015.pdf: 488483 bytes, checksum: 3b7b64f2d5952ce38294dd6b59f2e324 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-05T13:59:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Eugênio_Diniz_Quando_CPqRR_2015.pdf: 488483 bytes, checksum: 3b7b64f2d5952ce38294dd6b59f2e324 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T19:10:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 ve_Eugenio_Diniz_Quando_CPqRR_2015.pdf.txt: 47322 bytes, checksum: b654a8f443d2275332bf003aaaa5dfd4 (MD5) ve_Eugenio_Diniz_Quando_CPqRR_2015.pdf: 488483 bytes, checksum: 3b7b64f2d5952ce38294dd6b59f2e324 (MD5) license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Jorge Duprat Figueiredo de Segurança e Medicina do Trabalho. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Pública. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Faculdade de Saúde e Ecologia Humana. Vespasiano, MG, Brasil.O objetivo foi analisar a tendência dos acidentes de transporte terrestre com motociclistas em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, de 2007 a 2011, e identificar aglomerados e interseções das vias públicas de maior risco. Foram utilizadas as bases de dados da Polícia Militar e do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU). Para identificar as interseções críticas foram calculadas as taxas de severidade dos acidentes. Utilizou-se duas técnicas de estatística espacial para analisar os aglomerados de acidentes: análise de kernel e estatística Scan (modelo de Poisson contínuo). Os aglomerados de risco de acidentes foram detectados na Região Central e nos corredores de tráfego. O risco de acidentes, inclusive fatais, foi maior em segmentos que nas interseções. As interseções críticas são rotas de acesso para as regiões da Grande Belo Horizonte. As taxas de mortalidade e de acidentes apresentaram duas tendências distintas. Além disso, a maioria dos óbitos ocorreu à noite. Justifica-se a importância da melhoria das rotas para os motociclistas e do transporte público.The objective of this study was to analyze traffic accidents involving motorcycles in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, from 2007 to 2011 and to identify clusters of high-risk and hazardous intersections in and around the city. Data were provided by the Military Police Brigade and the Emergency Medical Service (SAMU). Accident severity rates were used to identify critical intersections. Two techniques were used: kernel analysis and scan statistics (continuous Poisson model). High-risk clusters were located in the downtown area and on major thoroughfares. Surprisingly, the highest risk of accidents and death occurred not at intersections, but between them. Hazardous intersections are part of routes used to access regions around Greater Metropolitan Belo Horizonte. Two distinct trends in mortality rates and accidents were identified. Most motorcycle deaths occurred after 7:00 PM. The study concludes that there is an urgent need to improve motorcycle and public transportation routes.El objetivo fue analizar la tendencia de los accidentes de transporte terrestre con motociclistas en Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, desde 2007 a 2011, e identificar aglomeraciones e intersecciones de las vías públicas de gran riesgo. Fueron utilizadas las bases de datos de la Policía Militar y del Servicio de Emergencia (SAMU). Para identificar las intersecciones críticas, fueron calculados los índices de severidad de los accidentes. Fueron utilizadas dos técnicas de estadística espacial, con el fin analizar los segmentos de accidentes: el análisis de kernel y la estadística Scan (Poisson continuo). Las aglomeraciones con riesgo de accidentes fueron detectadas en la región central y en las zonas con más afluencia de tráfico. El riesgo de accidentes, incluidos los mortales, fue más grande en las aglomeraciones que en las intersecciones. Las intersecciones críticas son rutas de acceso hacia las regiones del denominado Gran Belo Horizonte. Los índices de mortalidad y de accidentes presentaron dos tendencias distintas. La gran mayoría de los óbitos ocurrieron por la noche. Se justifica la importancia de la mejoría de las rutas y del transporte público

Baseline susceptibility to alpha-cypermethrin in Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva, 1912) from Lapinha Cave (Brazil).

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-03-09T17:20:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Baseline susceptibility to alpha-cypermethrin in Lutzomyia longipalpis.pdf: 4698596 bytes, checksum: 43af4b1ddc46d98530c8bb6e3131a826 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2016-03-10T12:07:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Baseline susceptibility to alpha-cypermethrin in Lutzomyia longipalpis.pdf: 4698596 bytes, checksum: 43af4b1ddc46d98530c8bb6e3131a826 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-10T12:07:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Baseline susceptibility to alpha-cypermethrin in Lutzomyia longipalpis.pdf: 4698596 bytes, checksum: 43af4b1ddc46d98530c8bb6e3131a826 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilPrefeitura de Montes Claros. Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Montes Claros, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Referência em Triatomíneos e Epidemiologia da Doença de Chagas. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Leishmanioses. Belo Horizonte, MG, BrasilBackground: Given the increase in cases of visceral leishmaniasis in recent years, associated with the socio-economic impact of this disease, as well as the wide distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis in Brazil and the likelihood that this vector may develop resistance to insecticides used for control, the Ministry of Health considers as crucial the creation of a network in order to study and monitor the resistance of this vector to insecticides used for control. In this sense, this study aimed: 1) to characterize the susceptibility of L. longipalpis from Lapinha Cave (Lagoa Santa, MG - Brazil) to Alfateck SC200 in field bioassays, and 2) to define the susceptibility baseline to alpha-cypermethrin in laboratory bioassays, checking the possibility of using it as susceptibility reference lineage (SRL). Findings: The field bioassays revealed that the tested population was highly susceptible to alpha-cypermethrin in all time periods with high mortality (~100 %) in all treated surfaces before six months after spraying. In the laboratory bioassays, the studied population presented LD 50 ,LD 95 and LD 99 to 0.78013, 10.5580 and 31.067 mg/m2, respectively. The slope was 1.454121. Conclusions: The studied population of L. longipalpis was considered as adequate for SRL according criterion recommended by Pan-American Health Organization and has proven susceptibility to tested insecticide in the field. One cannot rule out the possibility of finding populations of L. longipalpis more susceptible to alpha-cypermethrin; therefore, further research is necessary on other populations with potential use as a SR

Relative Risk of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Brazil: A Spatial Analysis in Urban Area

<div><p>Background</p><p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a vector-borne disease whose factors involved in transmission are poorly understood, especially in more urban and densely populated counties. In Brazil, the VL urbanization is a challenge for the control program. The goals were to identify the greater risk areas for human VL and the risk factors involved in transmission.</p><p>Methodology</p><p>This is an ecological study on the relative risk of human VL. Spatial units of analysis were the coverage areas of the Basic Health Units (146 small-areas) of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Human VL cases, from 2007 to 2009 (n = 412), were obtained in the Brazilian Reportable Disease Information System. Bayesian approach was used to model the relative risk of VL including potential risk factors involved in transmission (canine infection, socioeconomic and environmental features) and to identify the small-areas of greater risk to human VL.</p><p>Principal Findings</p><p>The relative risk of VL was shown to be correlated with income, education, and the number of infected dogs per inhabitants. The estimates of relative risk of VL were higher than 1.0 in 54% of the areas (79/146). The spatial modeling highlighted 14 areas with the highest relative risk of VL and 12 of them are concentrated in the northern region of the city.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>The spatial analysis used in this study is useful for the identification of small-areas according to risk of human VL and presents operational applicability in control and surveillance program in an urban environment with an unequal spatial distribution of the disease. Thus the frequent monitoring of relative risk of human VL in small-areas is important to direct and prioritize the actions of the control program in urban environment, especially in big cities.</p></div

Dogs with divergent serology for visceral leishmaniasis as sources of Leishmania infection for Lutzomyia longipalpis phlebotomine sand flies - an observational study in an endemic area in Brazil.

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected tropical disease, caused by Leishmania (Kinetoplastida, Trypanosomatidae) species. In Brazil, the transmission of this parasite essentially occurs through the bite of Lutzomyia longipalpis (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) previously infected with Leishmania infantum. Aiming at preventing VL expansion over the country, integrated control actions have been implemented through a Visceral Leishmaniasis Surveillance and Control Program (VLSCP). Among the actions currently adopted by the program, the screening-culling of seropositive dogs for canine VL (CVL) is particularly polemic. Dogs with negative or divergent serology for CVL remain in their owner's domicile and are monitored by public health agents. In the present study, we determined the prevalence of CVL and analyzed the implementation of the VLSCP screening-culling action, in an area in Brazil where there has been a recent expansion of VL. Canine census surveys were conducted semiannually for two years (Aug/2015 to Feb/2017). Serological diagnosis of CVL was performed in accordance with current VLSCP protocol: immunochromatography (TR-DPP) followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA EIE). 6,667 dogs were serologically screened for CVL, of which 567 (8.5%) were positive in both tests and 641 (9.6%) had divergent results. A variable percentage (6.3% to 65.4%) of the dogs in the latter group became positive within nine months from the first result. Xenodiagnosis was conducted in canine samples belonging to any of the three possible serological statuses for CVL-positive, divergent or negative. Leishmania spp. DNA was detected in Lu. longipalpis that fed on 50.0% (5/10) of dogs with positive serology and on 29.4% (5/17) of dogs with divergent serological status for CVL. Therefore, dogs with divergent serology for CVL may be as Leishmania-infective to Lu. longipalpis as seropositive ones. Even with the adoption of euthanasia for seropositive dogs, part of the canine population will continue to serve as a source of Leishmania infection for phlebotomine sand flies

Spatial distribution of the number of infected dogs per 1,000 inhabitants (A) and the cumulative incidence rates of the human visceral leishmaniasis cases per 100,000 inhabitans (B), Belo Horizonte (Brazil), 2007–2009.

<p>The categories of both maps were defined using the quartiles.</p

Spatial distribution of the smoothed estimates (mean) for the relative risk of visceral leishmaniasis (model 1), Belo Horizonte (Brazil), 2007–2009.

<p>The asterisks indicate the coverage areas whose relative risk is considered statistically greater than 1.0 (95% credibility interval).</p

Estimates parameters of the univariate spatial models for the log-relative risk of visceral leishmaniasis, Belo Horizonte (Brazil), 2007–2009.

(a)<p>95% credibility interval.</p

Relation between the log-relative risk of human visceral leishmaniasis (Y axis) and the covariates included in the spatial analysis (X axis), Belo Horizonte (Brazil), 2007–2009.

<p>The points represent each of the 146 spatial units of analysis. A) number of infected dogs to inhabitants; B) Health Vulnerability Index; C) percentage of illiterate people; D) percentage of householder <4 years of education; E) percentage of householder with income </p