Karakteristik Pembungaan Tiga Provenan dan Empat Ras Lahan Cendana

Hutan penelitian Wanagama terdiri atas berbagai jenis tanaman termasuk cendana. Cendana tersebut berasal dari tiga provenan dan empat ras lahan yang telah mampu beradaptasi dan bereproduksi. Namun demikian kemampuan beradaptasi dan bereproduksi tanaman tersebut tergolong rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menditeksi karakteristik pembungaan cendana yang diharapkan mampu memberikan informasi mengenai tahap-tahap terjadinya dan karakteristik pembungaan cendana untuk membantu upaya penyediaan benih yang berkualitas. Metode yang digunakan yakni purposive sampling dalam pemilihan pohon cendana yang berbunga. Variasi pembungaan pada cendana meliputi waktu terjadinya tiap tahap perkembangan dalam satu periode pembungaan, puncak pembungaan, karakteristik organ reproduksi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tiap provenan dan ras lahan mempunyai fase dan puncak pembungaan yang berbeda dalam satu periode pembungaan. Ras Lahan Pegunungan Bromo mengalami puncak pembungaan tercepat yang terjadi pada bulan Januari minggu kedua. Puncak pembungaan paling lambat terjadi di bulan Februari minggu kedua oleh Ras Lahan Wanagama dan Imogiri serta provenan Bu'at

Karakterisasi Staphylococcus Aureus Isolat Susu Sapi Perah Berdasar Keberadaan Protein-A Pada Media Serum Soft Agar Terhadap Aktivitas Fagositosis Secara in Vitro

Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab utama mastitis. Protein-A berperan penting dalam adesi dan kolonisasi bakteri pada sel inang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fagositosis S. aureus berdasarkan keberadaan protein-A pada media serum soft agar. Sebanyak 19 isolat S. aureus susu sapi perah asal Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah digunakan pada penelitian ini. Seluruh isolat tersebut direidentifikasi dengan dipupuk pada media plat agar darah (PAD), koloni bakteri kemudian diidentifikasi dengan pewarnaan Gram, uji mannitol salt agar (MSA), katalase dan uji koagulase. Karakterisasi S.aureusdilakukan dengan menanam bakteri pada media serum soft agar (SSA) yang mengandung serum kelinci untuk mengetahui keberadaan protein-A, kemudian dilakukan uji fagositosis dengan menggunakan sel polimorfonuklear. Dari 19 isolat tersebut seluruhnya teridentifikasi sebagai S. aureus yang ditunjukkan dengan Gram positif, sel berbentuk kokus bergerombol, mampu memfermentasi manitol pada media MSA, positif pada uji katalase, 15,79% sampel menunjukkan hasil koagulase negatif, sedangkan 84,21% menunjukkan hasil koagulase positif. Pertumbuhan pada media SSA menunjukkan hasil 12 isolat (63,16%) koloni berbentukkompak dan 7 isolat (36,84%) koloni berbentuk difus. Koloni kompak menunjukkan bakteri tersebut memiliki protein-A, koloni difus menunjukkan bakteri tersebut tidak memiliki protein-A atau memiliki protein-A tetapi tertutup oleh kapsul. Hasil uji fagositosis menunjukkan S. aureus yang memiliki protein-A lebih sedikit difagosit oleh leukosit polimorfonuklear (2,99 bakteri/sel) dari pada S. aureus yang tidak memiliki protein-A, atau mempunyai protein-A tetapi tertutup oleh kapsul (3,85 bakteri/sel). Staphylococcus aureus yang memiliki protein-A lebih patogen daripada S. aureus yang tidak memiliki protein-A. Isolat S. aureus asal Jawa Tengah lebih virulen dibandingkan isolat S. aureus asal Jawa Barat ditinjau dari sifat hemolisis, koagulase, dan protein-A

Eksperimentasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Predict Discuss Explain Observe Discuss Explain (Pdeode) Dengan Assessment for Learning Dan Pdeode Dengan Penilaian Konvensional Pada Materi Peluang Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar Siswa Kelas XII Smk

. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the learning models on learning achievement viewed from learning style types of the students. The learning models compared were PDEODE with AfL, PDEODE with conventional assessment, and direct learning. The population of this research was the students in grade XII Vocational School engineering, health, and agriculture group in Kediri City on academic year of 2015/2016. The hypothesis test used unbalanced two ways analysis of variance. The results of the research were as follow. (1) The learning models of PDEODE with AfL, PDEODE with conventional assessment, and direct learning have an equal learning achievement in mathematics; (2) The mathematics learning achievement of students with auditory learning style was better than students with visual and kinesthetic learning style; the mathematics learning achievement of students with visual and kinesthetic learning styles have an equal learning achievement in mathematics; (3) In each learning style, the students who taught by PDEODE with AfL, PDEODE with conventional assessment, and direct learning have an equal learning achievement in mathematics; and (4) In each learning model, the students with visual, auditory, and kinesthetic learning styles have an equal learning achievement in mathematics

Deteksi Gen Penyandi Sifat Resistensi Metisilin, Penisilin Dan Tetrasiklin Pada Isolat Staphylococcus Aureus Asal Susu Mastitis Subklinis Sapi Perah

Detection of gene encoding resistance of bacteria could be used as an accurate method to determine resistance of Staphylococcus aureus which is causing mastitis in dairy cows to the several antibiotics. This research aimed to detect the gene encoding resistance of methicillin, penicillin and tetracycline from identified S. aureus. Sixty milk samples were collected from subclinical mastitis of cows from various dairy farming in Yogyakarta. Isolation and identification of S. aureus based on the culture, Gram staining and biochemical test. Phenotypes of S. aureus resistances against antibiotics were carried out by disc diffusion method, meanwhilespecies specific gene of S. aureus and the gene encoding methicillin, penicillin and tetracycline were confirmed by PCR method. The results showed 11 isolates representing of Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) could be identified, wherein 5 isolates were harboring both of penicillin and tetracycline resistant genes respectively

Potensi Ekstrak Daun Sage (Salvia Officinalis.L) Sebagai Anti-Streptococcus Suis Penyebab Zoonotik Meningitis

The phenomenon of microbial resistance to an antibiotic or some kind of specific antibiotics (multi drugs resistance) greatly complicate the treatment process, one of which is Streptococcus suis (S. suis) which is known to cause meningitis in animals and humans. Today, with rising bacterial resistance to a wide rangeof antibiotics, it takes an effort to assess the potential medicinal plants as an antibiotic that is appropriate and safe. Sage (Salvia officinalis.L) is reported to have antibacterial and fungicidal effect. Phenolic acids such assalvin and ether monomethyl salvin which isolated from the sage thought to have antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains. The purpose of this study was to prove the ability of sage leaf extract as an antibacterialagainst S. suis causes streptococcal meningitis in vitro. In-vitro method used in this research through a two-stage dilution test and the diffusion test on Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA). S. suis isolates (code 225) were tested in vitro against 8 levels sage leaf extract concentration, ie a concentration of 1%, 3% 5%, 7%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 60%. The results of the test obtained by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum sage known to potentially inhibit the growth of S. suis

The Plants Extract Toxicity Againts Achatina Fulica (Ferussac, 1821) in Nyawai Ficus Variegata (Blume)

One of the problems in developing Nyawai plants is the attack of snail pests Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821) at seedling level of the plants. Plant damage caused by these pests is quite large and causes seedling death. One of the control efforts that can be done is utilizing biomaterials which have molluscicidal properties (can kill mollusks). This study aimed to determine the toxicity of some extracts of biomaterial to control Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821) pests. The research was conducted on a laboratory scale. The study used a factorial random design with 3 replications. The treatment consisted of four biomaterials namely sembung (Blumea balsamifera), gadung (Discorea hispida), tuba (Derris eliptica and betel nut (Areca catechu) with each concentration of 10.25.50 g/l. Each concentration used 4 snails as a test sample. The parameters observed were snail mortality, and Lethal Concentration (LC50 and LC95). The results showed that the gadung tuber extract had the highest toxicity as indicated by mortality of 75 % and the lowest LC95 value of 80.63 g/l. While the lowest toxicity is betel nut with mortality of 49.75 % and the highest LC95 value is 567.75 g/l. The Toxicity of tuba, pinang, and sembung are highest on 50 g/l concentration, excepted the gadung extract. In gadung extract, the highest toxicity was obtained on 10 g/l concentration. However, the application was consideration to the attack intensity of Achatina fulica (Ferussac, 1821) because the toxicity effect of biomaterial pesticide was slower than chemical molluscicide