Weight losses with low energy formula diets in obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: To provide a systematic review, of published data, to compare weight losses following very low calorie (<800 kcal per day VLCD) or low-energy liquid-formula (>800 kcal per day LELD) diets, in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Systematic electronic searches of Medline (1946–2015) and Embase (1947–2015) to identify published studies using formula total diet replacement diets (VLCD/LELD). Random effects meta-analysis using weighted mean difference (WMD) in body weight between groups (with and without diabetes) as the summary estimate. Results: Final weight loss, in the five included studies, weighted for study sizes, (n=569, mean BMI=35.5–42.6 kg/m2), was not significantly different between participants with and without T2DM: −1.2 kg; 95% CI: −4.1 to 1.6 kg). Rates of weight loss were also similar in the two groups −0.6 kg per week (T2DM) and 0.5 kg per week (no diabetes), and for VLCD (lt;800 kcal per day) and LELD (>800 kcal per day). Conclusions: Weight losses with liquid-formula diets are very similar for VLCD and LELD and for obese subjects with or without T2DM. They can potentially achieve new weight loss/ maintenance targets of >15–20% for people with severe and medically complicated obesity

Outpatient Physical Therapy Management of a Young Male following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Background and Purpose. This paper describes the physical therapy management of a 17 -year-old male high school student, from two weeks postoperative to week 10 outpatient, after left anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. An intra-articular patella bone-tendon-bone graft as well as a medial meniscus repair and notchplasty were completed using video arthroscopy. The patient presented with decreased range of motion and strength in the left knee and slightly decreased strength in the left hip. Purpose, The purpose of this article is to describe the interventions used for this patient, the results from these interventions and to discuss current ACL treatment alternatives and their outcomes. Description. The treatment of this patient involved range of motion, strengthening, stretching, joint mobilization, proprioceptive/balance training, patient education on the condition and prognosis. Outcomes. Following PT intervention, the patient achieved full active range of motion, good to normal strength and an absence of edema and pain. The patient also returned to high school football at the end of the 10 week period with the permission of his attending physician. Discussion. A physician based rehabilitation protocol was utilized to quickly advance the client through the rehabilitation process, The accelerated treatment protocol resulted in early return to sports with good knee stability and limited complications

Stand Up, Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking

Stand Up, Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking is an open textbook adapted by University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM) authors for public speaking courses at UWM. The original work was produced under a Creative Commons license (CC BY-NA-SA) in 2011 by a publisher who has requested that they and the original author not receive attribution. The UWM edition is adapted from the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing.https://dc.uwm.edu/comm_facbooks/1000/thumbnail.jp