The effect of butaselmevit and closaverm A on the immune status of cows with experimental fasciolosis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria

There are many reports in the literature about the critical role of the immune system in protecting the body against foreign agents. However, the role of immune status in the association of mycobacteriosis and fasciolosis has not been studied. The work aimed to investigate the effect of butaselmevit and closaverm A on the immune status of cows with experimental fasciolosis sensitized by atypical mycobacteria. For the trial, 15 cows of 4–5 years of age, black and spotted breed, were selected, from which 3 groups were formed, five animals in each. Cows of the first research group for experimental fasciolosis were injected intramuscularly with closaverm A at a dose of 0.5 ml of the drug per 10 kg of body weight. The animals of the second experimental group, for experimental fasciolosis, were intramuscularly injected with closaverm A at a dose of 0.5 ml of the drug per 10 kg of body weight and butaselmevit at a dose of 10 ml of the drug per animal. The obtained results indicate that the drugs “Klosaverm A” and “Butaselmevit” when administered intramuscularly to cows with experimental fasciolosis, sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, contribute to the activation of cellular and nonspecific links of immunity. It should be noted that a number of our research also established the stimulating effect of drugs on the humoral link of immunity, in particular, an increase in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum of cows associated with mycobacteriosis and fasciolosis. Using “Klosaverm A” and “Butaselmevit” drugs in experimental groups of animals helped reduce the level of CIC to physiological values starting from the 21st day of the experiment. It should be noted that according to the indicators of the immune system in cows with experimental fasciolosis, sensitized by atypical mycobacteria, the combined use of closer A and butaselmevit shows a better therapeutic effect than the use of only closaverm A alone

Effect of milk thistle and silimevit on the functional state and protein synthesizing-function of the liver of laying hens under conditions of cadmium load

The purpose of the work was to study the effect of Cadmium on liver function disorders and to develop practical recommendations for using silimevit and milk thistle to reduce the toxic effect of Cadmium on chickens. To achieve the set goal in experiments on chickens under cadmium load, it was necessary to solve the following tasks: to study the effect of Cadmium on the protein synthesis function of the liver of laying hens; to study the effect of Cadmium on the functional state of the liver of laying hens; to investigate the effect of silimevit and the fruits of milk thistle on the functional state of the liver of laying hens under cadmium load; to investigate the effect of silimevit and milk thistle fruits on the protein synthesis function of the liver of laying hens under cadmium load and to justify the use of silimevit and milk thistle to prevent cadmium toxicosis in chickens. Drinking cadmium sulfate to laying hens violates the liver's functional state and protein-synthesizing function. A decrease in total protein and albumin content in their blood was established (Р < 0.001). An increase in alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activity was detected (Р < 0.001). Silimevit and milk thistle positively affect the functional state of the liver of laying hens under cadmium load, as evidenced by a decrease in the activity of aminotransferases in their blood serum. Silimevit and spotted thistle, under the cadmium load of laying hens, positively affect the liver's protein-synthesizing function, evidenced by an increase in total protein and albumin fraction. Feeding laying hens under cadmium load with slime feed contributed to a better-normalizing effect on the activity of aminotransferases and protein-synthesizing function of the chickens' liver than milk thistle

Визначення параметрів гострої токсичності та кумулятивних властивостей препарату “Ліпоінтерсил”

The research aimed to determine the acute toxicity and cumulative properties of the liposomal drug “Lipointersil” based on interferon and spotted milk thistle. The acute toxicity of the “Lipointersil” drug was assessed in white rats, aged 2–3 months, with a body weight of 170–180 g through intragastric and intramuscular administration. After administration of the drug, the dose and the number of animals that died were recorded, and the median lethal dose (DL50) of the investigated drug was calculated using the method of H. Kerber. The cumulative properties were determined in white rats aged 2–3 months, weighing 170–185 g, using the subchronic toxicity test method by K. S. Lim et al., modified by K. K. Sydorov. Based on the conducted research, it was established that the “Lipointersil”drug, according to the State Standard of Ukraine 85.2-37-736:2011, belongs to class IV toxicity (slightly toxic substances). The LD50 for intragastric and intramuscular administration in white rats is 5166.66 and 5833.33 mg/kg of body weight, respectively. In determining of the cumulative properties of the “ Lipointersil ” drug, no deaths of experimental animals were observed during the study. Moreover, the animals remained active, fed well, and had dense, shiny fur. The coefficient of accumulation of the “Lipointersil” drug was more than 8.31 units, indicating its weakly pronounced cumulative properties. Prolonged daily administration for 24 days of “Lipointersil” had no significant impact on the functional state of the liver and kidneys. Under long-term (24 days) daily administration in increasing doses, the drug “Lipointersil” caused slight destruction of hepatocyte membranes, as indicated by the increased activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase.Метою досліджень було визначення гострої токсичності, а також кумулятивних властивостей ліпосомального препарату “Ліпоінтерсил” на основі інтерферону та розторопші плямистої. Гостру токсичність препарату “Ліпоінтерсил” визначали на білих щурах, 2–3-місячного віку, масою тіла 170–180 г за внутрішньошлункового та внутрішньом’язового введення. Після введення препарату враховували дозу та кількість тварин, які загинули, та вираховували середньосмертельну дозу (DL50) досліджуваного препарату за методом Г. Кербера. Визначення кумулятивних властивостей проводили на білих щурах 2–3-мiсячного віку, масою тіла 170–185 г тест-методом “субхронічної токсичності” за К. S. Lim із співавторами, у модифікації К. К. Сидорова. На основі проведених досліджень встановлено, що препарат “Ліпоінтерсил” згідно СОУ 85.2-37-736:2011 належить до ІV класу токсичності (малотоксичні речовини). DL50 за внутрішньошлункового та внутрішньом’язового введення білим щурам становить, відповідно 5166,66 та 5833,33 мг/кг маси тіла. При визначенні кумулятивних властивостей препарату “Ліпоінтерсил” загибелі дослідних тварин упродовж досліду не було виявлено. При цьому тварини були активними добре поїдали корми, шерсть була густою, блискучою. Коефіцієнт кумуляції препарату “Ліпоінтерсил” становив більше 8,31 одиниці, що вказує про слабко виражені його кумулятивні властивості. Довготривале щоденне введення протягом 24 діб “Ліпоінтерсилу” мало вплив на функціональний стан печінки та нирок. За умов довготривалого (24 доби) щоденного введення у зростаючих дозах препарат “Ліпоінтерсил” викликає незначну деструкцію мембран гепатоцитів, про що вказує підвищення активності аланін-, аспартат-амінотрансфераз та лужної фосфатази