7 research outputs found
The impact of prenatal stress on insulin-like growth factor-1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in the brains of adult male rats : the possible role of suppressors of cytokine signaling proteins
Stimulatory effect of antidepressant drug pretreatment on progression of B16F10 melanoma in high-active male and female C57BL/6J mice
A new animal model of (chronic) depression induced by repeated and intermittent lipopolysaccharide administration for 4 months
Prenatal stress affects insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level and IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation in the brain of adult rats
Inhibitory effect of antidepressant drugs on contact hypersensitivity reaction
Background: Contact hypersensitivity (CS) reaction in the skin is T-cell mediated immune reaction which plays a major role in the pathogenesis and chronicity of various inflammatory skin disorders and, like other delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions, affords immunity against tumor cells and microbes. CS response is a self-limiting reaction, and interleukin (IL)-10 is considered to be a natural suppressant of cutaneous inflammatory response. Recently, it has been demonstrated that major depression is related to activation of the inflammatory response and elevation of some parameters of cell-mediated immunity. It has been suggested that such activation of the immune system may play a role in etiology of depression. If this immunoactivation is involved in etiology of depression, one would expect that antidepressant agents may have negative immunoregulatory effects. To the best of our knowledge, the effect of antidepressants on contact hypersensitivity has not been studied.Methods: The aim of the present study was to establish the effect of prolonged desipramine or fluoxetine treatment on CS reaction to picryl chloride.Results: Antidepressants significantly suppressed CS reaction, fluoxetine by 53% whereas desipramine by 47% compared to positive control. Moreover, desipramine and fluoxetine decreased relative weight of auxillary lymph nodes. Desipramine decreased also relative weight of inguinal lymph nodes and spleens whereas desipramine and fluoxetine increased production of IL-10 in comparison to positive control.Conclusion: The observed effect of antidepressant drugs on CS reaction is consistent with the hypothesis that T-cell mediated immunity is targeted by antidepressants.<br /
Post-anaesthesia pulmonary complications after use of muscle relaxants (POPULAR): a multicentre, prospective observational study
Background Results from retrospective studies suggest that use of neuromuscular blocking agents during general
anaesthesia might be linked to postoperative pulmonary complications. We therefore aimed to assess whether the use
of neuromuscular blocking agents is associated with postoperative pulmonary complications.
Methods We did a multicentre, prospective observational cohort study. Patients were recruited from 211 hospitals in
28 European countries. We included patients (aged ≥18 years) who received general anaesthesia for any in-hospital
procedure except cardiac surgery. Patient characteristics, surgical and anaesthetic details, and chart review at discharge
were prospectively collected over 2 weeks. Additionally, each patient underwent postoperative physical examination
within 3 days of surgery to check for adverse pulmonary events. The study outcome was the incidence of postoperative
pulmonary complications from the end of surgery up to postoperative day 28. Logistic regression analyses were
adjusted for surgical factors and patients’ preoperative physical status, providing adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) and
adjusted absolute risk reduction (ARRadj). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01865513.
Findings Between June 16, 2014, and April 29, 2015, data from 22803 patients were collected. The use of neuromuscular
blocking agents was associated with an increased incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in patients who
had undergone general anaesthesia (1658 [7·6%] of 21694); ORadj 1·86, 95% CI 1·53–2·26; ARRadj –4·4%, 95% CI
–5·5 to –3·2). Only 2·3% of high-risk surgical patients and those with adverse respiratory profiles were anaesthetised
without neuromuscular blocking agents. The use of neuromuscular monitoring (ORadj 1·31, 95% CI 1·15–1·49;
ARRadj –2·6%, 95% CI –3·9 to –1·4) and the administration of reversal agents (1·23, 1·07–1·41; –1·9%, –3·2 to –0·7)
were not associated with a decreased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Neither the choice of sugammadex
instead of neostigmine for reversal (ORadj 1·03, 95% CI 0·85–1·25; ARRadj –0·3%, 95% CI –2·4 to 1·5) nor extubation at
a train-of-four ratio of 0·9 or more (1·03, 0·82–1·31; –0·4%, –3·5 to 2·2) was associated with better pulmonary outcomes.
Interpretation We showed that the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs in general anaesthesia is associated with an
increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Anaesthetists must balance the potential benefits of
neuromuscular blockade against the increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications