110 research outputs found
Lâorganisation du culte musulman : un regard de praticien administratif
Depuis 1989, les pouvoirs publics incitent les responsables cultuels musulmans Ă prendre en main les conditions dâexercice de leur culte. Cependant, la reprĂ©sentation institutionnelle de lâislam de France demeure instable et peu reconnue par les fidĂšles, et la mise en place dâune formation thĂ©ologique de qualitĂ© pour les imams a du mal Ă aboutir. Ă cela deux raisons essentielles : lâincapacitĂ© Ă sortir dâun systĂšme dâallĂ©geance avec les pays dâorigine et la faible lĂ©gitimitĂ© dâintellectuels qui nâarrivent pas Ă produire une thĂ©ologie de lâaltĂ©ritĂ©. MĂȘme si, grĂące aux efforts de lâAdministration, la situation des fidĂšles sâest considĂ©rablement amĂ©liorĂ©e, la situation de lâislam de France est de plus en plus marquĂ©e par le dĂ©veloppement de comportements littĂ©ralistes qui visent Ă remettre en cause nos compromis sociĂ©taux.Since 1989, the public authorities have been encouraging Muslim religious leaders to supervise the practice of their religion. However, the institutional representation of the Islam of France remains unstable and misrecognized by the faithful, and the implementation of a theological training for imams is difficult to achieve. There are two main reasons: the weight of a system of allegiance with the countries of origin and the weak legitimacy of intellectuals unable to provide a theology of otherness. Thanks to the efforts of the Administration, the situation of the faithful has significantly improved. However, the situation of Islam in France is increasingly marked by the development of literalistic behavior aimed at challenging our societal compromises
Les coordinations, filles des années 1968
Les coordinations ont fait leur apparition au lendemain de Mai 1968 dans les lycées puis dans les universités. Elles sont devenues un élément constant du répertoire d'action collective des mouvements de jeunesse. Au milieu des années 1980, des coordinations naissent dans des secteurs salariés (cheminots, infirmiÚres, postiers) sans pour autant s'établir durablement comme forme d'action collective. L'apparition de ces coordinations de salariés est à la fois liée aux circonstances et au caractÚre d'exemplarité qu'a eu la coordination étudiante contre le projet de loi Devaquet ; à la présence dans ces secteurs salariés de militants et militantes ayant connu les mobilisations lycéennes et étudiantes des années 70 et remettant en cause les pratiques syndicales traditionnelles, enfin à l'augmentation des compétences des salariés en terme de qualifications et de diplÎmes. La convergence de ces éléments dans le secteur public explique que les coordinations s'y soient développées. Dans ce cadre, la coordination infirmiÚre n'est ni la figure de mobilisation ni le produit de spécificités propres au genre féminin.The coordination committees, or « coordinations » as they are known in French, first appeared after the Mai 68 events in high schools, and later in universities. They became one of the central components of the repetoire of collective action of the youth movement. In the mid 80's, the coordination committees appeared in working class sectors, notably among railworkers, nurses, and post-office agents. Nonetheless, they failed to become institutionalized and to generate long-term collective action. The upsurge of these workers « coordinations » was linked to conjunctural events, but more particularly to their exemplary mobilization of students against the Devaquet Law in 1986. An important factor has been the presence in worker sectors of former university students or high school pupils who participated in protest movements in the 70's, which sought to change traditional forms of trade union action. Lastly, the growth of the coordinations is linked to workers rising qualification and educational levels. The convergence of these factors in the public sector explains why the coordination committees developed. In this sense, the nurses coordination committees are not to be seen as gender-specific but as part of the larger phenomenon discussed in the paper
Therapeutic potential of atmospheric neutrons
AbstractBackgroundGlioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive type of primary brain tumour in humans. It has a very poor prognosis despite multi-modality treatments consisting of open craniotomy with surgical resection, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Recently, a new treatment has been proposed â Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) â which exploits the interaction between Boron-10 atoms (introduced by vector molecules) and low energy neutrons produced by giant accelerators or nuclear reactors.MethodsThe objective of the present study is to compute the deposited dose using a natural source of neutrons (atmospheric neutrons). For this purpose, Monte Carlo computer simulations were carried out to estimate the dosimetric effects of a natural source of neutrons in the matter, to establish if atmospheric neutrons interact with vector molecules containing Boron-10.ResultsThe doses produced (an average of 1ÎŒGy in a 1g tumour) are not sufficient for therapeutic treatment of in situ tumours. However, the non-localised yet specific dosimetric properties of 10B vector molecules could prove interesting for the treatment of micro-metastases or as (neo)adjuvant treatment. On a cellular scale, the deposited dose is approximately 0.5Gy/neutron impact.ConclusionIt has been shown that BNCT may be used with a natural source of neutrons, and may potentially be useful for the treatment of micro-metastases. The atmospheric neutron flux is much lower than that utilized during standard NBCT. However the purpose of the proposed study is not to replace the ordinary NBCT but to test if naturally occurring atmospheric neutrons, considered to be an ionizing pollution at the Earth's surface, can be used in the treatment of a disease such as cancer. To finalize this study, it is necessary to quantify the biological effects of the physically deposited dose, taking into account the characteristics of the incident particles (alpha particle and Lithium atom) and radio-induced effects (by-stander and low dose effect). One of the aims of the presented paper is to propose to experimental teams (which would be interested in studying the phenomena) a simple way to calculate the dose deposition (allometric fit of free path, transmission factor of brain)
A G polymorphism in the CRBN gene acts as a biomarker of response to treatment with lenalidomide in low/int-1 risk MDS without del(5q).
Dosimetric uncertainties related to the elasticity of bladder and rectal walls: Adenocarcinoma of the prostate
Purpose. - Radiotherapy is an important treatment for prostate cancer.During
treatment sessions, bladder and rectal repletion is difficult to quantify and
cannot be measured with a single and initial CT scan acquisition. Some methods,
such as image-guided radiation therapy and dose-guided radiation therapy, aimto
compensate thismissing information through periodic CT acquisitions. The aimis
to adapt patient's position, beam configuration or prescribed dose for a
dosimetric compliance. Methods. -We evaluated organmotion (and repletion) for
54 patients after having computed the original ballistic on a new CT scan
acquisition. A new delineation was done on the prostate, bladder and rectum to
determine the newdisplacements and define organ dosesmistakes (equivalent
uniformdose, average dose and dose-volume histograms). Results. - The new CT
acquisitions confirmed that bladder and rectal volumes were not constant during
sessions. Some cases showed that previously validated treatment plan became
unsuitable. A proposed solution is to correct dosimetries when bladder volume
modifications are significant. The result is an improvement for the stability
of bladder doses, D50 error is reduced by 25.3%, mean dose error by 5.1% and
equivalent uniform dose error by 2.6%. For the rectum this method decreases
errors by only 1%. This process can reduce the risk of mismatch between the
initial scan and following treatment sessions. Conclusion. - For the
proposedmethod, the cone-beamCT is necessary to properly position the isocenter
and to quantify bladder and rectal volume variation and deposited doses. The
dosimetries are performed in the event that bladder (or rectum) volume
modification limits are exceeded. To identify these limits, we have calculated
that a tolerance of 10% for the equivalent uniformdose (compared to the initial
value of the first dosimetry), this represents 11% of obsolete dosimetries for
the bladder, and 4% for the rectum
Response of the International Homeopathic Society of Supportive Care in Oncology (SHISSO) to the contribution request by the High Authority for Health (HAS) for the evaluation of homeopathic medicines
Introduction : Dans le cadre de sa mission dâĂ©valuation du mĂ©dicament homĂ©opathique, la Haute AutoritĂ© de SantĂ© a lancĂ© un appel Ă contribution. La SociĂ©tĂ© HomĂ©opathique Internationale de Soins de Support en Oncologie (SHISSO) a Ă©tĂ© retenue en tant que sociĂ©tĂ© savante. MĂ©thode : Un groupe de travail de 8 membres de la SHISSO, composĂ© de mĂ©decins, pharmaciens et oncologues homĂ©opathes a rĂ©pondu Ă chacune des 5 questions posĂ©es par la HAS. Nous nous sommes appuyĂ©s sur la littĂ©rature scientifique existante et sur notre expĂ©rience de cliniciens. RĂ©sultats : PremiĂšre thĂ©rapeutique complĂ©mentaire en cancĂ©rologie, lâhomĂ©opathie est utilisĂ©e par 30 % des patients atteints de cancer dans une dĂ©marche uniquement intĂ©grative. Le degrĂ© de satisfaction global des patients est trĂšs Ă©levĂ©, une amĂ©lioration est signalĂ©e dans plus de 66 % des cas pour les 10 principaux symptĂŽmes rencontrĂ©s en soins de support. Les meilleures indications sont celles pour lesquelles les rĂ©ponses conventionnelles sont manquantes. Lâabsence de toxicitĂ© et dâinteraction mĂ©dicamenteuse (effets secondaires rares et spontanĂ©ment rĂ©versibles), lâabsence de perte de chance, de dĂ©pendance et dâaccoutumance conduisent Ă une balance bĂ©nĂ©fice/risque trĂšs favorable pour le mĂ©dicament homĂ©opathique. Conclusion : LâhomĂ©opathie est un Ă©largissement de la thĂ©rapeutique mĂ©dicale conventionnelle. Elle sâinscrit parfaitement dans lâinterdisciplinaritĂ© dâune oncologie intĂ©grative mettant le patient au coeur du systĂšme de soin. LâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de vie et la diminution des effets secondaires permet une meilleure tolĂ©rance et observance des traitements du cancer. Des Ă©tudes devraient ĂȘtre menĂ©es pour comparer la qualitĂ© de vie mais aussi le taux de survie global avec ou sans traitement complĂ©mentaire homĂ©opathique.Introduction: As part of its mission to evaluate homeopathic medicine, the High Authority for Health has launched a request for contributions. The International Homeopathic Society for Supportive Care in Oncology (SHISSO) has been selected as a learned society. Method: An 8-member working group of SHISSO, made up of homeopathic doctors, pharmacists and oncologists specialising in homeopathy, answered each of the 5 questions asked by the HAS. We relied on existing scientific literature and our experience as clinicians. Results: As the foremost complementary therapy in oncology, homeopathy is used by 30% of cancer patients in a wholly integrative approach. The overall degree of satisfaction of the patients is very high; an improvement is reported in more than 66% of cases for the 10 main symptoms encountered in supportive care. The best indications are those for which there exist no conventional responses. The absence of toxicity and drug interaction (rare and spontaneously reversible side effects), the absence of loss of opportunity, of dependence and addiction lead to a very favourable risk/benefit balance for homeopathic medicines. Conclusion: Homeopathy is an extension of conventional medical therapy. It fits perfectly within the interdisciplinary nature of integrative oncology, putting the patient at the heart of the care system. The improved quality of life and the decrease in side effects allow a better tolerance and observance of cancer treatments. Studies should be carried out to compare the overall survival rate with or without homeopathic complementary therapy
Apprivoiser l'hétérogénéité en informatique 1Úre année
National audienceFace au constat dâune hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© grandissante des savoir-faire et connaissances en informatique des Ă©tudiants Ă lâarrivĂ©e en premiĂšre annĂ©e, et le risque de son exacerbation dans le contexte du « nouveau bac », nous avons voulu expĂ©rimenter une approche pĂ©dagogique, qui permette une gestion de cette hĂ©tĂ©rogĂ©nĂ©itĂ© tout en respectant les contraintes dâun emploi du temps homogĂšne et un coĂ»t constant. Les actions menĂ©es sâarticulent autour de 4 pĂŽles : la constitution de groupes de niveau, avec une attention particuliĂšre portĂ©e sur les 2 niveaux extrĂȘmes (renforcement et avancĂ©/en autonomie), la mise en place de QCMs rĂ©guliers, lâutilisation ponctuelle de lâApprentissage Par ProblĂšme (APP), et un auto-positionnement. LâexpĂ©rimentation est encore en cours, mais dĂ©jĂ de premiers Ă©lĂ©ments permettent dâouvrir les Ă©changes
2. L'aviation, Ćil magique de l'archĂ©ologie : Du nouveau sur le â limes â saharien
Correction Ă Ephemeris Epigraphica, VIII, n. 632
Leschi Louis. Correction à Ephemeris Epigraphica, VIII, n. 632. In: Mélanges d'archéologie et d'histoire, tome 40, 1923. pp. 207-217
Empreintes digitales chez quelques peuples d'Afrique occidentale française
Leschi J. Empreintes digitales chez quelques peuples d'Afrique occidentale française. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, IX° Série. Tome 9, 1948. pp. 143-150
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