52 research outputs found

    Inhomogeneous Magnetism in La-doped CaMnO3. (II) Mesoscopic Phase Separation due to Lattice-coupled FM Interactions

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    A detailed investigation of mesoscopic magnetic and crystallographic phase separation in Ca(1-x)La(x)MnO3, 0.00<=x<=0.20, is reported. Neutron powder diffraction and DC-magnetization techniques have been used to isolate the different roles played by electrons doped into the eg level as a function of their concentration x. The presence of multiple low-temperature magnetic and crystallographic phases within individual polycrystalline samples is argued to be an intrinsic feature of the system that follows from the shifting balance between competing FM and AFM interactions as a function of temperature. FM double-exchange interactions associated with doped eg electrons are favored over competing AFM interactions at higher temperatures, and couple more strongly with the lattice via orbital polarization. These FM interactions thereby play a privileged role, even at low eg electron concentrations, by virtue of structural modifications induced above the AFM transition temperatures.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

    Evaluating Imaging Biomarkers of Acquired Resistance to Targeted EGFR Therapy in Xenograft Models of Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

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    Background: Overexpression of EGFR is a negative prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with HNSCC who respond to EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) eventually develop acquired resistance. Strategies to identify HNSCC patients likely to benefit from EGFR-targeted therapies, together with biomarkers of treatment response, would have clinical value. Methods: Functional MRI and 18F-FDG PET were used to visualize and quantify imaging biomarkers associated with drug response within size-matched EGFR TKI-resistant CAL 27 (CALR) and sensitive (CALS) HNSCC xenografts in vivo, and pathological correlates sought. Results: Intrinsic susceptibility, oxygen-enhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI revealed significantly slower baseline R2∗ , lower hyperoxia-induced ΔR2∗ and volume transfer constant Ktrans in the CALR tumors which were associated with significantly lower Hoechst 33342 uptake and greater pimonidazole-adduct formation. There was no difference in oxygen-induced ΔR1 or water diffusivity between the CALR and CALS xenografts. PET revealed significantly higher relative uptake of 18F-FDG in the CALR cohort, which was associated with significantly greater Glut-1 expression. Conclusions: CALR xenografts established from HNSCC cells resistant to EGFR TKIs are more hypoxic, poorly perfused and glycolytic than sensitive CALS tumors. MRI combined with PET can be used to non-invasively assess HNSCC response/resistance to EGFR inhibition

    Improving a Natural CaMKII Inhibitor by Random and Rational Design

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    CaM-KIIN has evolved to inhibit stimulated and autonomous activity of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) efficiently, selectively, and potently (IC50 ∌100 nM). The CN class of peptides, derived from the inhibitory region of CaM-KIIN, provides powerful new tools to study CaMKII functions. The goal of this study was to identify the residues required for CaMKII inhibition, and to assess if artificial mutations could further improve the potency achieved during evolution.First, the minimal region with full inhibitory potency was identified (CN19) by determining the effect of truncated peptides on CaMKII activity in biochemical assays. Then, individual residues of CN19 were mutated. Most individual Ala substitutions decreased potency of CaMKII inhibition, however, P3A, K13A, and R14A increased potency. Importantly, this initial Ala scan suggested a specific interaction of the region around R11 with the CaMKII substrate binding site, which was exploited for further rational mutagenesis to generate an optimized pseudo-substrate sequence. Indeed, the potency of the optimized peptide CN19o was >250fold improved (IC50 <0.4 nM), and CN19o has characteristics of a tight-binding inhibitor. The selectivity for CaMKII versus CaMKI was similarly improved (to almost 100,000fold for CN19o). A phospho-mimetic S12D mutation decreased potency, indicating potential for regulation by cellular signaling. Consistent with importance of this residue in inhibition, most other S12 mutations also significantly decreased potency, however, mutation to V or Q did not.These results provide improved research tools for studying CaMKII function, and indicate that evolution fine-tuned CaM-KIIN not for maximal potency of CaMKII inhibition, but for lower potency that may be optimal for dynamic regulation of signal transduction

    Pharmacological Alterations of Anxious Behaviour in Mice Depending on Both Strain and the Behavioural Situation

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    A previous study comparing non-emotive mice from the strain C57BL/6/ByJ with ABP/Le mice showed ABP/Le to be more anxious in an open-field situation. In the present study, several compounds affecting anxiety were assayed on ABP/Le and C57BL/6/ByJ mice using three behavioural models of anxiety: the elevated plus-maze, the light-dark discrimination test and the free exploratory paradigm. The compounds used were the full benzodiazepine receptor agonist, chlordiazepoxide, and the antagonist, flumazenil, the GABAA antagonist, bicuculline, the full 5-HT1A agonist 8-OH-DPAT, and the mixed 5-HT1A/5-HT1B agonist, RU 24969. Results showed the effect of the compounds to be dependent on both the strain and the behavioural task. Several compounds found to be anxiolytic in ABP/Le mice had an anxiogenic effect on C57BL/6/ByJ mice. More behavioural changes were observed for ABP/Le in the elevated plus-maze, but the clearest findings for C57BL/6/ByJ mice were observed in the light-dark discrimination apparatus. These data demonstrate that anxious behaviour is a complex phenomenon which cannot be described by a single behavioural task nor by the action of a single compound

    Anxiety Disorders and Sensory Over-Responsivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Is There a Causal Relationship?

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    Anxiety disorders and sensory over-responsivity (SOR) are common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and there is evidence for an association between these two conditions. Currently, it is unclear what causal mechanisms may exist between SOR and anxiety. We propose three possible theories to explain the association between anxiety and SOR: (a) SOR is caused by anxiety; (b) Anxiety is caused by SOR; or (c) SOR and anxiety are causally unrelated but are associated through a common risk factor or diagnostic overlap. In this paper, we examine support for each theory in the existing anxiety, autism, and neuroscience literature, and discuss how each theory informs choice of interventions and implications for future studies

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

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    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles

    Étude structurale de l'oxyde double de manganùse et de calcium orthorhombique CaMn2O4 (marokite)

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    La structure de la marokite a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©terminĂ©e Ă  l'aide de la mĂ©thode des superpositions appliquĂ©e aux projections xOy et xOz. Les coordonnĂ©es atomiques ont Ă©tĂ© affinĂ©es par une mĂ©thode de moindres carrĂ©s sur 2 491 rĂ©flexions hkl indĂ©pendantes (R = 0,136). Les atomes de manganĂšse sont en coordination octaĂ©drique et ceux de calcium entourĂ©s par huit atomes d'oxygĂšne. Les principales distances interatomiques et leurs dĂ©viations standards sont calculĂ©es. La structure de la marokite est comparĂ©e Ă  celles de composĂ©s du type MâșâșN₂âșâșâșX₄.Lepicard G., Protas Jean. Étude structurale de l'oxyde double de manganĂšse et de calcium orthorhombique CaMn2O4 (marokite). In: Bulletin de la SociĂ©tĂ© française de MinĂ©ralogie et de Cristallographie, volume 89, 3, 1966. pp. 318-324

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

    No full text
    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

    No full text
    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles
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