Hemolysis and ATP release from human and rat erythrocytes under conditions of hypoxia: a comparative study

Red blood cells are involved not only in transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide but also in autoregulation of vascular tone by ATP release in hypoxic conditions. Molecular mechanisms of the ATP release from red blood cells in response to a decrease in partial oxygen pressure still remain to be elucidated. In this work we have studied effects of hypoxia on red blood cell hemolysis in humans and rats and compared the effects of inhibitors of ecto-ATPase and pannexin on the release of ATP and hemoglobin from rat erythrocytes. The 20-min hypoxia at 37°C increased hemolysis of red blood cells in humans and rats 1.5- and 2.5-fold, respectively. In rat erythrocytes a significant increase in hypoxia-induced extracellular ATP level was found only in the presence of ecto-ATPase inhibitor ARL 67156. In these conditions we observed a positive correlation (R2 = 0.5003) between the increase in free hemoglobin concentration and the ATP release. Neither carbenoxolon nor probenecid, the inhibitors of low-selectivity pannexin channels, altered the hypoxia-induced ATP release from rat erythrocytes. The obtained results indicate a key role of hemolysis in the ATP release from red blood cells

Deoxygenation affects composition of membrane-bound proteins in human erythrocytes

Background/Aims: ATP release from erythrocyte plays a key role in hypoxia-induced elevation of blood flow in systematic circulation. We have previously shown that hemolysis contributes to erythrocyte ATP release triggered by several stimuli, including hypoxia, but the molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-increased membrane fragility remain unknown. Methods: In this study, we compared the action of hypoxia on hemolysis, ATP release and the composition of membrane-bound proteins in human erythrocytes. Results: Twenty minutes incubation of human erythrocytes in the oxygen-free environment increased the content of extracellular hemoglobin by ∼1.5 fold. Paired measurements of hemoglobin and ATP content in the same samples, showed a positive correlation between hemolysis and ATP release. Comparative analysis of SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of erythrocyte ghosts obtained under control and deoxygenated conditions revealed a ∼2-fold elevation of the content of membrane-bound protein with Mr of ∼60 kDa. Conclusion: Deoxygenation of human erythrocytes affects composition of membrane-bound proteins. Additional experiments should be performed to identify the molecular origin of 60 kDa protein and its role in the attenuation of erythrocyte integrity and ATP release in hypoxic conditions

Modelling a complex technical system of greenhouse production: the foundations of an interdisciplinary approach

The fundamentals of an interdisciplinary approach to the design of greenhouse production systems are considered, in which biological objects (plants and humans) are present. The conceptual approach of the software solution is analyzed, synthesizing on the basis of the objectoriented concept such directions as disciplines on the construction of greenhouse production, dynamic simulation models, geoinformation systems. Based on the study of this issue, the conclusion was made about the advisability of applying an interdisciplinary approach for a comprehensive study of the projected complex biotechnical systems of greenhouse production

Modelling a complex technical system of greenhouse production: the foundations of an interdisciplinary approach

The fundamentals of an interdisciplinary approach to the design of greenhouse production systems are considered, in which biological objects (plants and humans) are present. The conceptual approach of the software solution is analyzed, synthesizing on the basis of the objectoriented concept such directions as disciplines on the construction of greenhouse production, dynamic simulation models, geoinformation systems. Based on the study of this issue, the conclusion was made about the advisability of applying an interdisciplinary approach for a comprehensive study of the projected complex biotechnical systems of greenhouse production

Recombination of X-ray-Generated Radical Ion Pairs in Alkane Solution Assembles Optically Inaccessible Exciplexes from a Series of Perfluorinated <i>para</i>-Oligophenylenes with <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylaniline

We demonstrate that a series of perfluorinated para-oligophenylenes C6F5-(C6F4)n-C6F5 (n = 1–3) produce exciplexes with N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) in degassed X-irradiated n-dodecane solutions. The optical characterization of the compounds shows that their short fluorescence lifetimes (ca. 1.2 ns) and UV-Vis absorption spectra, overlapping with the spectrum of DMA with molar absorption coefficients of 2.7–4.6 × 104 M−1cm−1, preclude the standard photochemical exciplex formation pathway via selective optical generation of the local excited state of the donor and its bulk quenching by the acceptor. However, under X-rays, the efficient assembly of such exciplexes proceeds via the recombination of radical ion pairs, which delivers the two partners close to each other and ensures a sufficient energy deposition. The exciplex emission is completely quenched by the equilibration of the solution with air, providing a lower bound of exciplex emission lifetime of ca. 200 ns. The recombination nature of the exciplexes is confirmed by the magnetic field sensitivity of the exciplex emission band inherited from the magnetic field sensitivity from the recombination of spin-correlated radical ion pairs. Exciplex formation in such systems is further supported by DFT calculations. These first exciplexes from fully fluorinated compounds show the largest known red shift of the exciplex emission from the local emission band, suggesting the potential of perfluoro compounds for optimizing optical emitters

Role of cytoskeleton network in anisosmotic volume changes of intact and permeabilized A549 cells

Recently we found that cytoplasm of permeabilized mammalian cells behaves as a hydrogel displaying intrinsic osmosensitivity. This study examined the role of microfilaments and microtubules in the regulation of hydrogel osmosensitivity, volume-sensitive ion transporters, and their contribution to volume modulation of intact cells. We found that intact and digitonin-permeabilized A549 cells displayed similar rate of shrinkage triggered by hyperosmotic medium. It was significantly slowed-down in both cell preparations after disruption of actin microfilaments by cytochalasin B, suggesting that rapid water release by intact cytoplasmic hydrogel contributes to hyperosmotic shrinkage. In hyposmotic swelling experiments, disruption of microtubules by vinblastine attenuated the maximal amplitude of swelling in intact cells and completely abolished it in permeabilized cells. The swelling of intact cells also triggered ~ 10-fold elevation of furosemide-resistant 86Rb+ (K+) permeability and the regulatory volume decrease (RVD), both of which were abolished by Ba2 +. Interestingly, RVD and K+ permeability remained unaffected in cytocholasin/vinblastine treated cells demonstrating that cytoskeleton disruption has no direct impact on Ba2 +-sensitive K+-channels involved in RVD. Our results show, for the first time, that the cytoskeleton network contributes directly to passive cell volume adjustments in anisosmotic media via the modulation of the water retained by the cytoplasmic hydrogel

Role of cytoskeleton network in anisosmotic volume changes of intact and permeabilized A549 cells

Recently we found that cytoplasm of permeabilized mammalian cells behaves as a hydrogel displaying intrinsic osmosensitivity. This study examined the role of microfilaments and microtubules in the regulation of hydrogel osmosensitivity, volume-sensitive ion transporters, and their contribution to volume modulation of intact cells. We found that intact and digitonin-permeabilized A549 cells displayed similar rate of shrinkage triggered by hyperosmotic medium. It was significantly slowed-down in both cell preparations after disruption of actin microfilaments by cytochalasin B, suggesting that rapid water release by intact cytoplasmic hydrogel contributes to hyperosmotic shrinkage. In hyposmotic swelling experiments, disruption of microtubules by vinblastine attenuated the maximal amplitude of swelling in intact cells and completely abolished it in permeabilized cells. The swelling of intact cells also triggered ~ 10-fold elevation of furosemide-resistant 86Rb+ (K+) permeability and the regulatory volume decrease (RVD), both of which were abolished by Ba2 +. Interestingly, RVD and K+ permeability remained unaffected in cytocholasin/vinblastine treated cells demonstrating that cytoskeleton disruption has no direct impact on Ba2 +-sensitive K+-channels involved in RVD. Our results show, for the first time, that the cytoskeleton network contributes directly to passive cell volume adjustments in anisosmotic media via the modulation of the water retained by the cytoplasmic hydrogel

Proteomics-based identification of hypoxia-sensitive membrane-bound proteins in rat erythrocytes

This study examines the action of hypoxia on integrity, fluidity and protein composition of red blood cell (RBC) membrane. Twenty-min exposure to oxygen-free environment decreases rat RBC integrity documented by 3-fold elevation of hemoglobin release without any action on the membrane fluidity estimated by electron magnetic resonance spectroscopy of spin-labeled stearic acid analogues. The proteomics technology in combination with relative label free quantification analysis revealed a dozen of membrane-bound proteins, including elevated content of hemoglobin, reproducibly affected by hypoxia. Mapping the identified proteins in the KEGG pathway database we found that the proteins of multi subunit Cullin-Rbx E3 ubiquitin ligase complex are presented in normoxic RBC ghosts but not in the hypoxic samples. Our results suggest that Cullin-Rbx E3 complex, associated with RBC membrane in normoxia, provides detection and deletion of membrane proteins damaged by reactive oxygen species. In hypoxic conditions, deoxy-Hb binds to band 3 protein, resulting in dissociation of Cullin-Rbx E3 complex from RBC membrane and impaired clearance of damaged cytoskeleton proteins. These rearrangements of membrane proteins might be involved in attenuated membrane integrity revealed in hypoxic RBC