38 research outputs found
Impact of Dark Matter Annihilation on the High-Redshift Intergalactic Medium
We reexamine the impact of dark matter (DM) annihilation on the intergalactic
medium, taking into account the clumping of DM particles. We find that energy
injection from the annihilation of the thermal relic DM particles may
significantly raise the gas temperature at high redshifts and leave a strong
imprint on the cosmological 21-cm signal, provided the particle mass is below
~1 TeV. Further, we find that while the energy injection from DM annihilation
could not alone complete the reionization of the Universe, it could make a
significant contribution to the electron optical depth.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, ApJL, in prin
Radiative Transfer Effect on Ultraviolet Pumping of the 21cm Line in the High Redshift Universe
During the epoch of reionization the 21cm signal is sensitive to the
scattering rate of the ultraviolet photons, redshifting across the Lyman_alpha
resonance. Here we calculate the photon scattering rate profile for a single
ultraviolet source. After taking into account previously neglected natural
broadening of the resonance line, we find that photons approach the resonance
frequency and experience most scatterings at a significantly smaller distance
from the source than naively expected r=(dnu/nu_0)(c/H), where dnu=nu-nu_0 is
the initial frequency offset, and the discrepancy increases as the initial
frequency offset decreases. As a consequence, the scattering rate P(r) drops
much faster with increasing distance than the previously assumed 1/r^2 profile.
Near the source (r<1Mpc comoving), the scattering rate of photons that redshift
into the Ly_alpha resonance converges to P(r) \propto r^{-7/3}. The scattering
rate of Ly_alpha photons produced by splitting of photons that redshift into a
higher resonance (Ly_gamma, Ly_delta, etc.) is only weakly affected by the
radiative transfer, while the sum of scattering rates of Ly_alpha photons
produced from all higher resonances also converges to P(r) \propto r^{-7/3}
near the source. At 15<z<35, on scales of ~0.01-20Mpc/h (comoving), the total
scattering rate of Ly_alpha photons from all Lyman resonances is found to be
higher by a factor of ~1+0.3[(1+z)/20]^{2/3} than obtained without full
radiative transfer. Consequently, during the early stage of reionization, the
differential brightness of 21cm signal against the cosmic microwave background
is also boosted by a similar factor.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Ap
Recognizing the First Radiation Sources Through Their 21-cm Signature
At the beginning of the reionization epoch, radiation sources produce
fluctuations in the redshifted 21-cm background. We show that different types
of sources (such as miniquasars, Pop II and III stars, supernovae, etc.)
produce distinct signatures in the 21-cm signal radial profiles and statistical
fluctuations, through which they can be identified. Further, we show that the
21-cm signal from X-ray emitting sources is much easier to observe than was
expected, due to a previously neglected pumping mechanism.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ
Heating and cooling of the intergalactic medium by resonance photons
During the epoch of reionization a large number of photons were produced with
frequencies below the hydrogen Lyman limit. After redshifting into the closest
resonance, these photons underwent multiple scatterings with atoms. We examine
the effect of these scatterings on the temperature of the neutral intergalactic
medium (IGM). Continuum photons, emitted between the Ly_alpha and Ly_gamma
frequencies, heat the gas after being redshifted into the H Ly_alpha or D
Ly_beta resonance. By contrast, photons emitted between the Ly_gamma and
Ly-limit frequencies, produce effective cooling of the gas. Prior to
reionization, the equilibrium temperature of ~100 K for hydrogen and helium
atoms is set by these two competing processes. At the same time, Ly_beta
resonance photons thermally decouple deuterium from other species, raising its
temperature as high as 10^4 K. Our results have important consequences for the
cosmic 21-cm background and the entropy floor of the early IGM which can affect
star formation and reionization.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, ApJ, in pres
Consequences of short range interactions between dark matter and protons in galaxy clusters
Protons gain energy in short range collisions with heavier dark matter
particles (DMPs) of comparable velocity dispersion. We examine the conditions
under which the heating of baryons by scattering off DMPs can offset radiative
cooling in the cores of galaxy clusters. Collisions with a constant cross
section independent of the relative velocity of the colliding particles, cannot
produce stable thermal balance. In this case, avoiding an unrealistic increase
of the central temperatures yields the upper bound on the cross-section,
\sigma_xp<10^-25 cm^2 (m_x/m_p), where m_x and m_p are the DMP and proton mass,
respectively. A stable balance, however, can be achieved for a power law
dependence on the relative velocity, V, of the form \sigma_xp \propto V^a with
a<-3. An advantage of this heating mechanism is that it preserves the metal
gradients observed in clusters.Comment: 7 pages, new calculations include
Element segregation in giant galaxies and X-ray clusters
We examine the process of element segregation by gravity in giant elliptical
galaxies and X-ray clusters. We solve the full set of flow equations developed
by Burgers for a multi-component fluid, under the assumption that magnetic
fields slow the diffusion by a constant factor F_B. Compared to the previous
calculations that neglected the residual heat flow terms, we find that
diffusion is faster by ~20%. In clusters we find that the diffusion changes the
local abundance typically by factors of 1+0.3(T/10^8 K)^1.5/F_B and
1+0.15(T/10^8 K)^1.5/F_B for helium and heavy elements, respectively, where T
is the gas temperature. In elliptical galaxies, the corresponding factors are
1+0.2(T/10^7 K)^1.5/F_B and 1+0.1(T/10^7 K)^1.5/F_B, respectively. If the
suppression factor F_B is modest, diffusion could significantly affect
observational properties of hot X-ray clusters and cD galaxies. In particular,
diffusion steepens the baryon distribution, increases the total X-ray
luminosity, and changes the spectrum and evolution of stars that form out of
the helium-rich gas. Detection of these diffusion signatures would allow to
gauge the significance of the magnetic fields, which also inhibit thermal heat
conduction as a mechanism for eliminating cooling flows in the same
environments.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Minor changes. (5 pages, 6
figures