A PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU NA UNIVERSIDADE MULTIDIMENSIONAL

EDITORIA

Acute Exposure to Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa Alters Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Swimming Performance Parameters

Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), primarily Microcystis aeruginosa, forming water blooms worldwide. When an organism is exposed to environmental perturbations, alterations in normal behavioral patterns occur. Behavioral repertoire represents the consequence of a diversity of physiological and biochemical alterations. In this study, we assessed behavioral patterns and whole-body cortisol levels of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to cell culture of the microcystin-producing cyanobacterium M. aeruginosa (MC-LR, strain RST9501). MC-LR exposure (100 μg/L) decreased by 63% the distance traveled and increased threefold the immobility time when compared to the control group. Interestingly, no significant alterations in the number of line crossings were found at the same MC-LR concentration and time of exposure. When animals were exposed to 50 and 100 μg/L, MC-LR promoted a significant increase (around 93%) in the time spent in the bottom portion of the tank, suggesting an anxiogenic effect. The results also showed that none of the MC-LR concentrations tested promoted significant alterations in absolute turn angle, path efficiency, social behavior, or whole-body cortisol level. These findings indicate that behavior is susceptible to MC-LR exposure and provide evidence for a better understanding of the ecological consequences of toxic algal blooms

Gonad development and sperm characteristics of male silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) fed diets with different oil sources / Desenvolvimento gonadal e características espermáticas de jundiás machos (Rhamdia quelen) alimentados com dietas com diferentes fontes de óleo

It is widely accepted that broodstock nutrition or enriched diets with certain compounds greatly impacts fish reproductive performance, especially the input of different concentrations of fatty acids (especially polyunsaturated ones). Thus, here we evaluated  reproductive variables in male catfish (Rhamdia quelen) of 18.45 ± 1.22 g fed with diets containing different lipid sources: fish, canola, sunflower, soybean and olive oils. 300 juvenile R. quelen were randomly distributed in 20 net-tanks (1m3) disposed inside a 200 m2 masonry pond, and the experiment was composing five treatments with four replicates, and were fed during 90 days, with a 3% inclusion level of the oils in the diets. The histological evaluations of the fish testicles were characterized in the final development stage and maturation in all animals, regardless of the offered diet. Spermatic normality, seminal volume, total sperm production, seminal pH and testosterone level did not present significant differences among treatments. Higher sperm concentration was more pronounced in males fed a diet containing sunflower oil. Parameters obtained by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) showed that the poor sperm quality were verify when fish were fed diets containing olive and canola oil. The gonadosomatic, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic fat indexes of the animals were similar, regardless of the supplied lipid source. In a practical perspective, we concluded that soybean and sunflower oils can be used as replacement to fish oil in diets for male specimens of R. quelen while the canola and olive oils should be avoid, because decrease the sperm quality

Net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion during transport of rhamdia quelen juveniles

The objective of this study was to verify net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion in silver catfish transported in plastic bags at three different loading densities: 221, 286 and 365g L-1 for 5h. A water sample was collected at the beginning and at the end of the transport for analysis of water parameters. There was a significant positive relationship between net ion effluxes and negative relationship between ammonia excretion and loading density, demonstrated by the following equations: Na+: y-24.5-0.27x, r2 =0.99, Cl- : y=40.2-0.61x, r2 =0.98, K+: y=8.0-27.6x, r2 =0.94; ammonia excretion: y=-11.43+0.017x, r2 =0.95, where y: net ion flux (mmol kg-1 h-1) or ammonia excretion (mg kg-1 h-1) and x: loading density (g). Therefore, the increase of loading density increases net ion loss, but reduces ammonia excretion during the transport of silver catfish, indicating the possibility of ammonia accumulation.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o fluxo de íons e a excreção de amônia em jundiás transportados em sacos plásticos em três diferentes densidades de carga: 221, 286 e 365g L-1 por 5h. Uma amostra de água foi coletada no início e ao final do transporte para as análises dos parâmetros de qualidade da água. Houve uma relação positiva significativa entre o efluxo de íons e relação negativa entre excreção de amônia e densidade de carga, demonstrada pelas seguintes equações: Na+: y=-24.5-0.27x, r2 =0.99, Cl- : y=40.2-0.61x, r2 =0.98, K+: y=8.0-27.6x, r2 =0.94; excreção de amônia: y= -11.43+0.017x, r2 =0.95, em que y: fluxo de íons (mmol kg-1 h-1) ou excreção de amônia (mg kg-1 h-1) e x: densidade de carga (g). Portanto, o aumento da densidade de carga aumenta a perda de íons, mas reduz a excreção de amônia durante o transporte de jundiá, indicando possibilidade de acúmulo de amônia no corpo

Fluxo de íons e excreção de amônia durante o transporte juvenis de rhamdia quelen

Submitted by Raquel Vergara Gondran ([email protected]) on 2015-12-18T00:19:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1678-4596-cr-0103_8478cr20141420.pdf: 428416 bytes, checksum: 1ffe2179e30ffb549cf86a35a0a98634 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Lilian M. Silva ([email protected]) on 2015-12-18T05:37:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 1678-4596-cr-0103_8478cr20141420.pdf: 428416 bytes, checksum: 1ffe2179e30ffb549cf86a35a0a98634 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-18T05:37:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1678-4596-cr-0103_8478cr20141420.pdf: 428416 bytes, checksum: 1ffe2179e30ffb549cf86a35a0a98634 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015The objective of this study was to verify net ion fluxes and ammonia excretion in silver catfish transported in plastic bags at three different loading densities: 221, 286 and 365g L-1 for 5h. A water sample was collected at the beginning and at the end of the transport for analysis of water parameters. There was a significant positive relationship between net ion effluxes and negative relationship between ammonia excretion and loading density, demonstrated by the following equations: Na+: y-24.5-0.27x, r2 =0.99, Cl- : y=40.2-0.61x, r2 =0.98, K+: y=8.0-27.6x, r2 =0.94; ammonia excretion: y=-11.43+0.017x, r2 =0.95, where y: net ion flux (mmol kg-1 h-1) or ammonia excretion (mg kg-1 h-1) and x: loading density (g). Therefore, the increase of loading density increases net ion loss, but reduces ammonia excretion during the transport of silver catfish, indicating the possibility of ammonia accumulation.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o fluxo de íons e a excreção de amônia em jundiás transportados em sacos plásticos em três diferentes densidades de carga: 221, 286 e 365g L-1 por 5h. Uma amostra de água foi coletada no início e ao final do transporte para as análises dos parâmetros de qualidade da água. Houve uma relação positiva significativa entre o efluxo de íons e relação negativa entre excreção de amônia e densidade de carga, demonstrada pelas seguintes equações: Na+: y=-24.5-0.27x, r2 =0.99, Cl- : y=40.2-0.61x, r2 =0.98, K+: y=8.0-27.6x, r2 =0.94; excreção de amônia: y= -11.43+0.017x, r2 =0.95, em que y: fluxo de íons (mmol kg-1 h-1) ou excreção de amônia (mg kg-1 h-1) e x: densidade de carga (g). Portanto, o aumento da densidade de carga aumenta a perda de íons, mas reduz a excreção de amônia durante o transporte de jundiá, indicando possibilidade de acúmulo de amônia no corpo

First description of behavior and immune system relationship in fish

Abstract Considering the intriguing relationship between immune system and behavior recently described in mammals, and the lack of information of this relationship in fish, here we describe for the first time the interaction between the immune system and social and exploratory behavior in zebrafish. Fish high responders to novelty (HRN) presented a proinflammatory profile, with increased IL-1β and reduced IL-10 expression compared to fish low responders to novelty (LRN). Likewise, fish less responsive to social stimuli have a reduced expression of INF-γ. We show that fish with different behavior patterns have differences in the immune response. Our findings indicate that the interplay between immune system and behavior in zebrafish is similar to that found in mammalian models and that zebrafish should be considered as a potential model organism to study the relationship between immune system and behavior

Prevalência de tuberculose, brucelose e infecções víricas em bovinos leiteiros do município de Passo Fundo, RS

Dois mil cento e dezenove bovinos adultos pertencentes a 156 propriedades leiteiras distribuídas em 22 localizadas do município de Passo Fundo foram testados para tuberculose bovina (TB) e brucelose bovina (BB). A prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da diarréia viral bovina (BVDV), vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina (BLV) e herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 (BHV-1) foi estimada por amostragem aleatória em 28 dessas propriedades. Para tanto, considerou-se prevalência acima de 30% para essas infecções e intervalo de confiança de 90%, e sorteou-se 204 amostras de soro sangüíneo. Entre os 2.119 animais testados, 32 (1,51%) foram positivos para TB e 26 (1,22%) foram positivos para BB. Os exames sorológicos dos animais pertencentes às 28 propriedades indicaram animais positivos para BHV-1, BVDV e BLV em 22 (92,85%), 19 (67,85%) e 17 (60,71%) propriedades, respectivamente; 11 (39,28%) propriedades apresentaram animais soropositivos tanto para BHV-1, BVDV e BLV; em 1 (3,57%) propriedade apenas todos os animais eram soronegativos para essas infecções