Procedimentos para a obtenção do pagamento por serviços ambientais no âmbito da instituição de uma reserva particular do patrimônio natural

A Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) é uma unidade de conservação de uso sustentável, a qual tem por objetivo promover a proteção dos recursos naturais em terras privadas. Uma alternativa para estimular os proprietários de terra a criarem uma RPPN é através da adoção ao Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais (PSA). Desse modo, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar a possibilidade de tornar um fragmento de vegetação nativa, localizado no sítio São João - município de São Carlos (SP), em uma RPPN e, assim, estimar o valor do PSA que poderia ser recebido. A metodologia envolveu a revisão de dispositivos normativos pertinentes ao processo de criação da RPPN; a caracterização física da microbacia hidrográfica do Ribeirão do Feijão, onde o sítio São João está localizado; e a estimativa do valor do PSA. O fragmento de vegetação nativa no sítio (4,76 hectares) é passível de se tornar uma RPPN; e o valor estimado para o PSA foi de R$ 1.517,25 por ano. De modo geral, verificou-se que a burocracia e a lentidão dos processos de abertura dos editais contribuem para o desestímulo dos proprietários rurais em aderir a tais procedimentos

Survival and growth of tree seedlings as a function of seed size in a gallery forest under restoration

ABSTRACT Seed size is commonly related to higher rates of emergence and survival, and biomass of seedlings when introduced by direct seeding. However, few studies have evaluated whether this relationship persists when species are reintroduced as seedlings or if this effect persists after seed reserves decline. This study evaluated the effect of seed size (mass) on the probability of survival and growth of seedlings of nine native tree species introduced into a pasture area, which was originally a gallery forest in the state of São Paulo in Southeastern Brazil. The experiment occurred over the course of 24 months, in which was divided into three separate time intervals: 14 to 61 days, 61 days to 12 months, and 12 to 24 months. Seedling survival in the field was high for all three time-intervals. Seed mass positively influenced the probability of seedling survival throughout all three time-intervals after planting, but the intensity of this effect decreased with time. Species with smaller seeds exhibited higher relative growth rates (height), but only until the end of the first year. Our results suggest that seed mass is a functional trait that can predict the probability of the establishment of individual trees during forest restoration

Poly[(μ4-phenylphosphonato)zinc(II)]

The title two-dimensional coordination polymer, [Zn(C6H5PO3)]n, was synthesized serendipitously by reacting a tetraphosphonate cavitand Tiiii[C3H7, CH3, C6H5] and Zn(CH3COO)22H2O in a DMF/H2O mixture. The basic conditions of the reaction cleaved the phosphonate bridges at the upper rim of the cavitand, making them available for reaction with the zinc ions. The coordination polymer can be described as an inorganic layer in which zinc coordinates the oxygen atoms of the phosphonate groups in a distorted tetrahedral environment, while the phenyl groups, which are statistically disordered over two orientations, point up and down with respect to the layer. The layers interact through van der Waals interactions. The crystal studied was refined as a two-component twin