16,196 research outputs found
Accounting For The Decline in Union Membership
Since the early 50s, the percent of the workforce organized by unions has declined considerably. In the most recent decade that rate of decline has accelerated sharply. In an attempt to discover what factors can account for the overall decline and the further deterioration during the 70s, we decompose the sources of growth and decline to determine the relative importance of changes in organizing activity, success in certification elections, decertifications, and net growth due to economic causes. We find that all factors except decertifications account for a substantial part of the change. In addition, interactions between the factors are very important. A significant finding is that while organizing activity and success rates have been declining over time, the net growth (or loss) of membership due to economic causes has remained stable controlling for the aggregate level of economic activity. We argue that this finding is inconsistent with the prevailing view that the decline in the percent of the workforce organized is primarily due to the decline of the heavily unionized core industries.
Structural Changes in Unionization: 1973-1981
This paper presents a decomposition of the decline in union density into structural and within sector components using CPS data for private sector workers. We find that 58 to 68 percent of the decline in private sector unionization between 1973 and 1981 can be accounted for by structural changes in the economy, particularly in the occupational, educational and gender distribution of the workforce. This is a large impact, but we find that while structural change is important, its importance was not appreciably greate during the 1970s than during previous decades. At the same time, we find that the decline of private sector unionization within sectors has been pervasive, accounting for 32 to 42 percent of union decline. As part of this analysis we find that the decline in union density has been greater in those sectors of the economy where employment decline has been greater. This fact can help reconcile previous divergent findings on the importance of structural change.
Ultrafast absorption kinetics of NADH in folded and unfolded conformations
The non-radiative energy transfer is shown to occur on a ~3ps time scale for NADH in the folded form in H2O. Addition of methanol thermodynamically favours the open form, for which energy transfer does not occur
Gravitational waves from binary systems in circular orbits: Convergence of a dressed multipole truncation
The gravitational radiation originating from a compact binary system in
circular orbit is usually expressed as an infinite sum over radiative multipole
moments. In a slow-motion approximation, each multipole moment is then
expressed as a post-Newtonian expansion in powers of v/c, the ratio of the
orbital velocity to the speed of light. The bare multipole truncation of the
radiation consists in keeping only the leading-order term in the post-Newtonian
expansion of each moment, but summing over all the multipole moments. In the
case of binary systems with small mass ratios, the bare multipole series was
shown in a previous paper to converge for all values v/c < 2/e, where e is the
base of natural logarithms. In this paper, we extend the analysis to a dressed
multipole truncation of the radiation, in which the leading-order moments are
corrected with terms of relative order (v/c)^2 and (v/c)^3. We find that the
dressed multipole series converges also for all values v/c < 2/e, and that it
coincides (within 1%) with the numerically ``exact'' results for v/c < 0.2.Comment: 9 pages, ReVTeX, 1 postscript figur
Accessing Patient Records in Virtual Healthcare Organisations
The ARTEMIS project is developing a semantic web service based P2P interoperability infrastructure for healthcare information systems that will allow healthcare providers to securely share patient records within virtual healthcare organisations. Authorisation decisions to access patient records across organisation boundaries can be very dynamic and must occur within a strict legislative framework. In ARTEMIS we are developing a dynamic authorisation mechanism called PBAC that provides a means of contextual and process oriented access control to enforce healthcare business processes. PBAC demonstrates how healthcare providers can dynamically share patient records for care pathways across organisation boundaries
Dynamics and pattern formation in invasive tumor growth
In this work, we study the in-vitro dynamics of the most malignant form of
the primary brain tumor: Glioblastoma Multiforme. Typically, the growing tumor
consists of the inner dense proliferating zone and the outer less dense
invasive region. Experiments with different types of cells show qualitatively
different behavior. Wild-type cells invade a spherically symmetric manner, but
mutant cells are organized in tenuous branches. We formulate a model for this
sort of growth using two coupled reaction-diffusion equations for the cell and
nutrient concentrations. When the ratio of the nutrient and cell diffusion
coefficients exceeds some critical value, the plane propagating front becomes
unstable with respect to transversal perturbations. The instability threshold
and the full phase-plane diagram in the parameter space are determined. The
results are in a good agreement with experimental findings for the two types of
cells.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Magnetic structure of the field-induced multiferroic GdFe3(BO3)4
We report a magnetic x-ray scattering study of the field-induced multiferroic
GdFe3(BO3)4. Resonant x-ray magnetic scattering at the Gd LII,III edges
indicates that the Gd moments order at TN ~ 37 K. The magnetic structure is
incommensurate below TN, with the incommensurability decreasing monotonically
with decreasing temperature until a transition to a commensurate magnetic phase
is observed at T ~ 10 K. Both the Gd and Fe moments undergo a spin
reorientation transition at TSR ~ 9 K such that the moments are oriented along
the crystallographic c axis at low temperatures. With magnetic field applied
along the a axis, our measurements suggest that the field-induced polarization
phase has a commensurate magnetic structure with Gd moments rotated ~45 degrees
toward the basal plane, which is similar to the magnetic structure of the Gd
subsystem observed in zero field between 9 and 10 K, and the Fe subsystem has a
ferromagnetic component in the basal plane.Comment: 27 pages, 7 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev.
- β¦