The use and effectiveness of migration controls as a counter-terrorism instrument in the European Union

This article examines the use and effectiveness of migration controls as an instrument to fight terrorism in the European Union (EU). It examines the evolution of the role of migration controls in the EU counter-terrorism policy, through an analysis of the migration control measures that are already part of the EU counter-terrorism policy and those that are currently under discussion. It shows that migration control measures have become increasingly important in the EU counter-terrorism policy, especially since 2004, and that this trend is set to continue given the significant number of proposals currently being negotiated in this policy area. The article argues that it is a problematic development, as the effectiveness of migration controls in the fight against terrorism is questionable in the case of the EU. It is even more questionable when one considers the negative externalities of some of the EU measures that have been adopted or are currently under discussion

After the Bell: Youth Activity Engagement in Relation to Income and Metropolitan Status

In this brief, author Sarah E. Leonard uses data from the 2012 National Survey of Children’s Health to examine involvement in activities among youth ages 12–18 across income categories and metropolitan status in the hopes of informing policy aimed at attenuating inequalities in participation. While not a complete profile of youth activities, determining participation rates helps us understand what youth are doing in their out-of-school hours and how these activities vary by income and metropolitan status. The relationship between extracurricular participation, academic success, and well-being is potentially linked in complex ways, yet access to extracurricular activities and employment is growing more unequal, and as a result lower-income youth may be increasingly disadvantaged compared to middle- and upper-income children. She reports that higher-income youth are twice as likely to be employed and one-and-a-half times as likely to participate in extracurricular activities as their lower-income counterparts. More urban youth participate in extracurricular activities than rural youth, but rural youth are more likely to be employed than urban youth. The share of youth who are reading, using television, and using electronics is comparable across income groups, though lower-income youth report participating in these activities for longer hours than their higher-income counterparts. In conclusion, she suggests actions that policy makers and school systems could take to give adolescents--regardless of their income or metropolitan status--the opportunity to participate in and benefit from extracurricular activities

The Benefits of Recreational Fishing in Adolescence

Little attention has been given to how different leisure activities affect adolescents. The purpose of this study therefore was to investigate how one specific leisure activity, recreational fishing, can provide potential benefits to adolescents. Youth attending a one week fishing camp at the 4-H Barry Conservation Camp in July of 2014 were surveyed on multiple dimensions of well-being. Results indicate significant improvements in resilience, optimism, and self-esteem following the fishing camp experience. Youth reported that while fishing they engaged in a number of skillful activities (patience, self-discipline, etc.), many of which are beneficial to the positive development of youth. The findings suggest that recreational fishing may be beneficial to youth as they form identities and learn key life skills

Allegories of Temporal Experience: The Late Work of Frederic Leighton

The late paintings of Victorian artist Frederic Leighton generally embody an abstract idea or concept instead of a specific story or moral. Many of these images express humanity\u27s experience of the passage of time as it relates to life, death, and rebirth. Leighton\u27s paintings The Garden of the Hesperides, Lachrymae, and Flaming June represent allegories of timelessness, death, and regeneration, respectively

Rethinking Grading: Exploring High School Teachers\u27 Experiences with Changing to a Nontraditional Grading System

This exploratory case study examined the experiences of high school teachers who made sense of and enacted a gradeless system in their classes. The study explored what led the teacher participants to make such a significant shift in their thinking and practice as well as what supports and/or challenges they experienced in the process of implementing a nontraditional grading system. The three participants constituted a unique case as they explored an alternative grading model quite different from the traditional 0-100-point model that tends to be the dominant system in public high schools. The findings revealed that the nontraditional systems they developed were grounded in student growth, proficiency, and demonstration of soft skills. As the participants worked to make sense of this system, their beliefs about grading and their past experiences shaped their implementation. They shared that support from colleagues and administrators was paramount to them enacting this change in their classes. This support helped them overcome the challenges they experienced along the way. Participants revealed an increase in student ownership and equity were outcomes that made the system worth using. Implications for scholarship and practice in the study focus on additional research being done on the nontraditional model and exhort educators to engage in introspection surrounding their grading practices as well as finding a supportive community as they move to a nontraditional model

The health and welfare of dogs belonging to homeless people

This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from the University of Cordoba via http://www.uco.es/ucopress/ojs/index.php/pet/article/view/3998A significant number of homeless people own dogs, with these animals contributing to the well-being of their owners by providing emotional support and in many cases, a reason for living as well as acting as what might be termed a social catalyst, improving bonds between their owners. Yet many consider that homeless people should not be allowed, let alone encouraged to keep a dog. They consider that living with homeless people must have a negative impact on the dog’s health and welfare compared to that of a dog owned by people with a home. Here we sought to determine the health and welfare of dogs owned by homeless people, comparing 50 dogs owned by homeless people with 50 owned by people living in a home. In contradistinction to the negative view noted above, we found that dogs owned by homeless people were healthy animals, less likely to be obese, had fewer behaviour issues such as aggression to strangers and separation anxiety when compared to dogs owned by people living in a conventional home. We suggest that these findings should be taken into account when deciding whether a homeless person with a dog should be allowed into a hostel, and indeed the general attitude of the public to homeless people living with a dog by their side on the street

European Security and Supranational Governance after the Lisbon Treaty.:Exogenous shocks, policy entrepreneurs and 11 September 2001

The EU has been making strong inroads into the realm of security over the last few years. This is a remarkable development, since security matters used to be the preserve of states. The articles presented in this special issue all testify to the breadth of the EU security agenda, as they all try to capture some aspects of the EU’s fast-changing security policies following the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty on 1 December 2009. In parallel with a broadening of the EU’s security agenda, an increase in supranational security governance in the EU can also be observed. The transition to supranational governance is reached in two ways. First, cross-border security threats generate demand for EU laws, which supranational organisations then supply. Reasons for changes in the EU polity are exogenous shocks, the fact that rule innovations are endogenous to politics, the diffusion of organisational behaviour and models of action, and policy entrepreneurship, whereby institutional entrepreneurs construct and revise ‘policy frames’, which engage other actors and define new relationships between them and chart courses of action. As the articles in this special issue demonstrate, 11 September 2001 provided such a major exogenous shock required for a change in the EU polity, which EU institutions exploited by providing increasing EU legislation, and even, as a by-product, stabilising a European legal order

The politics of financial regulation expertise: international financial organizations and expert networks

This repository item contains a working paper from the Boston University Global Economic Governance Initiative. The Global Economic Governance Initiative (GEGI) is a research program of the Center for Finance, Law & Policy, the Frederick S. Pardee Center for the Study of the Longer-Range Future, and the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies. It was founded in 2008 to advance policy-relevant knowledge about governance for financial stability, human development, and the environment.Who controls global policy debates on shadow banking regulation? By looking at the policy recommendations of the Bank of International Settlements, the International Monetary Fund and the Financial Stability Board, we show how experts tied to these institutions secured control over how shadow banking is treated. In so doing, these technocrats reinforced each other’s expertise and excluded some potential competitors (legal scholars), coopted others (select Fed and elite academic economists). The findings have important implications for studying the relationship between IOs technocrats and experts from other professional fields

Changes in childhood malnutrition and mortality after institution of a Community Health Worker program in four rural Guatemalan villages

While community health workers (CHWs) are being implemented in several developing countries, there has been little work done to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing childhood malnutrition among participating communities. Our study evaluates the effectiveness of CHWs in three Guatemalan villages by comparing anthropomorphic measures and mortality rates of children under five before and after the implementation of a CHW program. While one community showed no significant change in malnutrition rates in terms of height-for-age calculations, two other communities showed improved malnutrition rates in terms of height-for-age. Weight-for-age comparisons were not statistically significant, and while childhood mortality remained unchanged in one community, there was a 5% improvement in childhood mortality for the other communities combined