Stress-regulated expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in carp (Cyprinus carpio)

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In vivo kinetics of cytokine expression during peritonitis in carp: Evidence for innate and alternative macrophage polarization

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Effect of polymorphisms in the FASN, OLR1, PPARGC1A, PRL and STAT5A genes on bovine milk-fat composition

The aim of our study was to estimate effects of polymorphisms in the ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2), fatty acid synthase (FASN), oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor-¿ coactivator-1a (PPARGC1A), prolactin (PRL) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) genes on milk production traits and detailed milk-fat composition. Milk-fat composition phenotypes were available for 1905 Dutch Holstein–Friesian cows. First, the presence of each SNP in the Dutch Holstein–Friesian population was evaluated by direct sequencing of the PCR product surrounding the SNP in 22 proven Dutch Holstein–Friesian bulls. The ABCG2 SNP did not segregate in the bull population. Second, we genotyped the cows for the FASNg.16024G>A, FASNg.17924A>G, OLR1g.8232C>A, PPARGC1Ac.1790+514G>A, PPARGC1Ac.1892+19G>A, PRLg.8398G>A and STAT5Ag.9501G>A polymorphisms, and estimated genotype effects on milk production traits and milk-fat composition. FASNg.17924A>G and OLRg.8232C>A had a significant effect (P <0.05) on milk-fat percentage. However, we were not able to confirm results reported in the literature that showed effects of all evaluated polymorphisms on milk-fat percentage or milk-fat yield. All polymorphisms showed significant effects (P <0.05) on milk-fat composition. The polymorphisms in FASN and STAT5A, which had an effect on C14:0 and were located on chromosome 19, could not fully explain the quantitative trait locus for C14:0 that was previously detected on chromosome 19 in a genome-wide scan using linkage analysi

Effect of polymorphisms in the FASN, OLR1, PPARGC1A, PRL and STAT5A genes on bovine milk-fat composition

The aim of our study was to estimate effects of polymorphisms in the ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2), fatty acid synthase (FASN), oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (OLR1), peroxysome proliferator-activated receptor-¿ coactivator-1a (PPARGC1A), prolactin (PRL) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A (STAT5A) genes on milk production traits and detailed milk-fat composition. Milk-fat composition phenotypes were available for 1905 Dutch Holstein–Friesian cows. First, the presence of each SNP in the Dutch Holstein–Friesian population was evaluated by direct sequencing of the PCR product surrounding the SNP in 22 proven Dutch Holstein–Friesian bulls. The ABCG2 SNP did not segregate in the bull population. Second, we genotyped the cows for the FASNg.16024G>A, FASNg.17924A>G, OLR1g.8232C>A, PPARGC1Ac.1790+514G>A, PPARGC1Ac.1892+19G>A, PRLg.8398G>A and STAT5Ag.9501G>A polymorphisms, and estimated genotype effects on milk production traits and milk-fat composition. FASNg.17924A>G and OLRg.8232C>A had a significant effect (P <0.05) on milk-fat percentage. However, we were not able to confirm results reported in the literature that showed effects of all evaluated polymorphisms on milk-fat percentage or milk-fat yield. All polymorphisms showed significant effects (P <0.05) on milk-fat composition. The polymorphisms in FASN and STAT5A, which had an effect on C14:0 and were located on chromosome 19, could not fully explain the quantitative trait locus for C14:0 that was previously detected on chromosome 19 in a genome-wide scan using linkage analysi

Shallow genetic divergence and species delineations in the endemic Labeobarbus species flock of Lake Tana, Ethiopia

To assess whether the species distinctions of Lake Tana’s Labeobarbus spp. are supported by genetic information, microsatellite markers were used. A total of 376 Labeobarbus spp., belonging to 24 populations of 11 species from three regions of the lake (north, south and east), were sampled. Eight microsatellite markers were analysed. In general, differences between conspecific populations were smaller than differences between populations of different species. For six species, conspecific populations from different regions in the lake were consistently more similar than populations of other species from the same region. For four species this was not the case, while for one species two populations were similar, but different from the third population. River-spawning species appeared to be more distinct than presumed lake spawners. On the species level, there was a significant correlation between genetic and morphological differentiation, especially in morphological aspects associated with ecological functioning. This suggests that genetic differentiation arose together with adaptive radiation, although the overall genetic differentiation among the Lake Tana Labeobarbus spp. is small

Ectopic expression of the Arabidopsis florigen gene FLOWERING LOCUS T

Ectopic expression of specific genes in seeds could be a tool for molecular design of crops to alter seed dormancy and germination, thereby improving production. Here, a seed-specific vector, 12S-pLEELA, was applied to study the roles of genes in Arabidopsis seeds. Transgenic lines containing FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) driven by the 12S promoter exhibited significantly increased seed dormancy and earlier flowering. Mutated FT(Y85H) and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) transgenic lines also showed increased seed dormancy but without altered flowering time. FT(Y85H) and TFL1 caused weaker seed dormancy enhancement compared to FT. The FT and TFL1 transgenic lines showed hypersensitivity to paclobutrazol, but not to abscisic acid in seed germination. The levels of bioactive gibberellin 3 (GA(3)) and GA(4) were significantly reduced, consistent with decreased expression of COPALYL DIPHOSPHATE SYNTHASE (CPS), KAURENE OXIDASE (KO), GIBBERELLIN 3-OXIDASE2 (GA3ox2), and GA20ox1 in p12S::FT lines. Exogenous GA(4+7) could recover the germination ability of FT transgenic lines. These results revealed that FT regulates GA biosynthesis. A genetic analysis indicated that the GA signaling regulator SPINDLY (SPY) is epistatic to FT in GA-mediated seed germination. Furthermore, DELAY OF GERMINATION1 (DOG1) showed significantly higher transcript levels in p12S::FT lines. Seed dormancy analysis of dog1-2 spy-3 p12S::FT-2 indicated that the combination of SPY and DOG1 is epistatic to FT in the regulation of dormancy. Overall, we showed that ectopic expression of FT and TFL1 in seeds enhances dormancy through affecting GA and DOG1 pathways