La noche de la reina Berenguela di Xosé Neira Cruz: proposta di traduzione di un'opera di teatro per l'infanzia.

L’obiettivo dell’elaborato è l’analisi con relativa proposta di traduzione dell’opera teatrale per bambini La noche de la reina Berenguela, scritta da Xosé Neira Cruz, edita da Planeta&Oxford nel 2005 (poi rieditata da OUP nel 2013), vincitrice del premio Lazarillo nel 2004. Neira Cruz è uno degli autori più rappresentativi della letteratura per l’infanzia e l’adolescenza galiziana e spagnola, ancora inedito in Italia diverse sue opere siano ambientate nel nostro Paese. La tesi consta di cinque capitoli. Il primo contiene la biografia dell’autore, con una particolare attenzione alla sua carriera accademica e professionale, e include una lista dettagliata di tutte le opere che ha pubblicato finora. Inoltre, il capitolo riporta l’intervista che Neira Cruz mi ha rilasciato durante il mio soggiorno a Santiago de Compostela. Nel secondo capitolo viene presentata l’analisi del testo originale, del quale si esaminano prima gli aspetti generali e paratestuali e poi alcuni elementi tra cui la trama, il tempo e lo spazio, i personaggi, i temi e lo stile (sia dell’autore in generale sia dell’autore in rapporto a questa specifica opera). Il terzo capitolo approfondisce il genere letterario dell’opera teatrale e il fenomeno dell’ambientazione storica in letteratura, che sono le caratteristiche principali dell’opera. In questo capitolo si esamina anche il ruolo della figura femminile nella letteratura per bambini e ragazzi. Il quarto capitolo contiene la proposta di traduzione dal castigliano all'italiano dell’opera di teatro La noche de la reina Berenguela. Infine, il quinto capitolo si concentra sul metodo di traduzione adottato e sulle difficoltà incontrate nel corso del processo di traduzione e revisione. Vengono poi illustrate le strategie traduttive scelte per risolvere i vari problemi appena citati

Pre- and Probiotics to Increase the Immune Power of Colostrum in Dogs

Wide differences in Ig concentration in canine colostrum have been reported. Thus, some litters can be at risk of passive immune transfer failure. Present study evaluated if supplementation with MOS, FOS, E. faecium and L. acidophilus along pregnancy increases colostrum quality. Twenty Great Dane bitches were divided into 4 groups. Control group (CG) received standard diet, only. Diet was supplemented with pre- and probiotics in other 3 study groups during: the last (1WG), last 2 (2WG), and last 4 (4WG) weeks of pregnancy, until parturition. Serum samples were collected at estrous (T0), supplementation beginning (T1), and parturition (T2). Colostrum was collected at C-section end. The IgG, IgM, and IgA were assayed on both matrices. In serum, IgG were higher at T0 than at parturition in all study groups and they significantly lowered from T0 to T1 in all groups. In colostrum, IgG and IgM were significantly higher in 4WG, while IgA already increased in 2WG group. Four-week pre- and probiotic supplementation resulted in the best immune properties of colostrum, as by the higher IgG, IgM, and IgA colostrum levels found in 4WG. Further studies would verify the exact mechanisms involved: pre-partum IgG mammary accumulation and B-cells GALT proliferation and mammary transfer. Further trials would verify whether these beneficial effects of pre- and probiotics on colostrum also lead to improved clinical conditions and immunological functions of newborns and puppies

Effects of intratesticular vs intraepididymal calcium chloride sterilant on testicular morphology and fertility in dogs.

Abstract Background Both stray and free-roaming owned dogs contribute to the serious global dog overpopulation problem. Many dog owners are unwilling to have their pet castrated for various reasons, including a reluctance to have their dog's behavior changed. A non-surgical method of sterilizing both stray and owned dogs would help to prevent unwanted litters. Previous studies have shown that intratesticular injection of calcium chloride dihydrate (CaCl2) in alcohol is a promising and cost-effective alternative to surgery for stray dogs, with testosterone significantly decreased and sexual activity eliminated. The aim of this study was to compare the use of a solution of 20% CaCl2 in 95% ethanol injected into the testicles or into the head of the epididymis. Methods A total of 148 dogs divided into 4 groups (2 experimental and 2 control) were respectively injected with CaCl2 or saline solution into the testicle or epididymal head (ultrasound-guided). The animals were examined at 0, 3, 6, and 9 months for sperm quality, concentration of testosterone in serum, and side effects; at 0 and 5 months with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) to enhance the morphological aspects/alteration of the testicular parenchyma or epididymis; and at 9 months when all were castrated for histological examination. Results All dogs treated with CaCl2 became sterile with azoospermia achieved over the 9-month study. The concentration of testosterone in serum significantly decreased following intratesticular treatment with CaCl2. No adverse effects were noted. Conclusions A single, bilateral intratesticular injection of 20% CaCl2 in 95% ethanol was confirmed to be a reliable method for induction of sterilization in male dogs. The approach showed long-term efficacy and may reduce sexual behavior, with the additional benefits of low-cost and ease of use, making this nonsurgical method appropriate for use in stray dogs. Sterility was also achieved if injected in the head of the epididymis but no significant decrease in serum concentration of testosterone occurred. Moreover, performing the intraepididymal injection into the epididymal head was as time consuming as orchiectomy. This approach may be optimal for use in owned dogs where anatomical integrity and testosterone maintenance is preferred by the owner

Ejaculation effect on canine prostatic specific esterase serum concentration

Canine prostatic diseases are usually asymptomatic in their onset and often identified in advanced stages. Canine prostatic specific esterase (CPSE) represents an early serum marker for prostatic diseases, also in asymptomatic dogs. The present study aimed to identify the effects of ejaculation on serum CPSE. Twenty adult intact male dogs were enrolled. Blood samples were collected to measure CPSE concentrations before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 24 h post (T2) ejaculation. Data were compared within and between groups by ANOVA (p < 0.05). Dogs were divided in two equal groups: A (healthy: CPSE ≤ 52.3 ng/mL at T0) and B (suspected for prostatic disorders: CPSE > 52.3 ng/mL or diagnosed with symptoms of prostatic diseases: CPSE > 90 ng/mL). CPSE was shown to be statistically higher in group B than A at any time point. In both groups, CPSE showed a significant increase at T1, and no significant differences between T0 and T2. This study demonstrates a definite effect of ejaculation on CPSE concentration. Twenty-four hours post-ejaculation, CPSE returns to basal values. Such physiological effects of ejaculation should be considered when planning analyses of CPSE concentrations, i.e., by respecting a proper sexual rest

Therapeutic Ultrasound as a Potential Male Dog Contraceptive: Determination of the Most Effective Application Protocol

Contents: Ultrasound is one of the most promising forms of non-invasive contraception and has been studied in several animal models. The objective of the current investigation was to determine the most practical and effective application protocol for dog sterilization. A total of 100 dogs were divided into five equal groups. Group A received 5-min applications three times performed at 48-hr intervals and covering the entire testicular area at frequency of 1 MHz; Group B received 5-min applications three times performed at 48-hr intervals over the dorso-cranial area of the testis at frequency of 3 MHz; Group C received three sequential 5-min applications (at 5-min intervals between applications) covering the entire testicular area at frequency of 1 MHz; Group D received 15-min applications two times performed at 48-hr intervals and covering the entire testicular area at frequency of 1 MHz. The experimental groups' ultrasound had an intensity of 1.5W/cm2. The Control Group had the same procedure as Group A, but with the transducer switched-off. Dogs were surgically castrated 40 days following the treatment for histological examination. Azoospermia, testicular volume reduction and apparently irreversible testicular damage were achieved by Group A. No effects were noticed in the other groups. Testosterone levels remained within physiological range with all application protocols. A regimen of three applications of ultrasound at 1 MHz, and 1.5 W/cm2, lasting 5 min with an interval of 48 h was effective as permanent sterilization in the dog without hormonal impact

O EFEITO DA REALIDADE VIRTUAL NA CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL DE MEMBROS SUPERIORES EM INDIVÍDUOS COM HEMIPARESIA

Stroke may lead to total and/or partial loss of normal function in one of the upper limbs, and the rehabilitation is one of the main focuses of physiotherapists. The objective was to analyze the effects of virtual reality on upper limb functional capacity in individuals with hemiparesis. Initially they were evaluated for manual dexterity by the Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT) and Box and Blocks Test (BBT) then be conducted to perform a 16-session protocol using virtual reality game through Nintendo WiiTM console. ™. We included 10 individuals with mean age of 64.5±9.54 and did not demonstrated significant results when comparing the moments, only a small effect (d=0.23) was found in the left upper limb in the NHPT. It was concluded, there was no significant improvement in the functional capacity of the upper limbs using virtual reality in individuals with hemiparesis.O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) pode acarretar a perda total e/ou parcial da função de um dos membros superiores, sendo sua reabilitação um dos focos principais dos fisioterapeutas. O objetivo foi console Nintendo Wii™. Foram incluídos 10 participantes no estudo com idade média de 64,5±9,54 não tendo demonstrado resultados significativos quando comparado os momentos, apenas um pequeno efeito (d=0,23) foi encontrado em membro superior esquerdo no NHPT. Conclui-se então que não houve melhora significativa na capacidade funcional de membros superiores utilizando realidade virtual em indivíduos com hemiparesia

O EQUILÍBRIO DE HEMIPARÉTICOS CRÔNICOS PODE MELHORAR APÓS 12 SEMANAS DE CIRCUITO DE TREINAMENTO?

A reabilitação após um acidente vascular encefálico é melhorar o desempenho funcional de hemiparéticos. A Fisioterapia em Grupo no formato de Circuit Training (FGCT) utiliza exercícios funcionais específicos com foco na repetição e na progressão contínua de exercícios em um número de estações de trabalho organizadas em um formato de circuito, para melhorar a capacidade funcional. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o equilíbrio funcional de hemiparéticos submetidos a doze semanas de tratamento na FGCT. Os hemiparéticos foram avaliados através da Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg (EEB) em uma avaliação inicial (AV1) e outra avaliação final (AV2) após doze semanas de FGCT. Os resultados mostraram que houve uma melhora significativa no equilíbrio dos pacientes que realizaram a FGCT. Concluímos que na FGCT os paciente que realizaram a FGCT tiveram melhora no seu equilíbrio