Effects of Fishmeal or Urea Supplementation on Ruminal Fibre Digestion and Passage Kinetics in Bali Cows

Five non-pregnant Bali cows were used in a 5x5 latin square experimental design with the objective to study the effects of supplementation of graded levels of urea or fishmeal on fibre intake and digestion kinetics in Bali cows consuming low quality tropical grass hay. The animals were given ad libitum access to grass hay or supplemented daily with two levels of urea, i.e. 38 and 74 g, or two levels of fishmeal, i.e. 156 and 312 g. The measured parameters included were intake and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF, in sacco ruminal fibre degradation, and in vivo ruminal NDF digestion and passage kinetics. Intakes of DM and NDF were significantly improved by supplementation of both urea and fishmeal with fishmeal exerted a better effect at low level of supplementation. The increase of intake was mainly associated with the significant increase of rumen in sacco degradation of NDF. However, in vivo rumen digestions of NDF and DNDF were not significantly improved by supplementation due to the increased rumen pool of NDF after protein supplementation. As a result, rumen passage and digestion rates were not affected by supplementation. The effective level of fishmeal and urea supplementation to improve the intake of low quality fibrous tropical grass hay in Bali cows were 152 g/d and 74 g/d, respectively. (Animal Production 12(2): 74-81 (2010)Key Words: Bali cows, digestion kinetics, fishmeal, ure

Kajian Kelayakan Operasional Rumah Pemotongan Hewan (Rph) Oeba Pemerintah Kota Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur Dalam Menghasilkan Daging Dengan Kualitas Asuh

Based on the result of Rohyati,et al (2007), the RPH Oeba did not fulfill 82,78% of complex and operational requirements or only meet 19.25% to those standards in producing meat with ASUH quality (Safe, hygiene, Wholesome, and Halal). Through this article, the writer tried to analyze about the appropriate level of operational activity of RPH Oeba in meat producing with ASUH quality. Some of operational in the slaughterhouse that not fulfilled those standards are: No attention for workers hygiene and animal welfare, all operational using of non-hygiene water, using nonstandardized equipments, not appropriate based on Islamic rules, skinning and carcass handling were not done properly, slaughtering process was not following the direction of stream production, “Clean and dirty” operational activities were located in the same areas, ante mortem and postmortem inspection were not done, sick animal and productive female were also slaughtered, sick animal was not isolated in quarantine pen

Effects of Fishmeal or Urea Supplementation on Ruminal Fibre Digestion and Passage Kinetics in Bali Cows

Five non-pregnant Bali cows were used in a 5x5 latin square experimental design with the objective to study the effects of supplementation of graded levels of urea or fishmeal on fibre intake and digestion kinetics in Bali cows consuming low quality tropical grass hay. The animals were given ad libitum access to grass hay or supplemented daily with two levels of urea, i.e. 38 and 74 g, or two levels of fishmeal, i.e. 156 and 312 g. The measured parameters included were intake and apparent digestibility of DM and NDF, in sacco ruminal fibre degradation, and in vivo ruminal NDF digestion and passage kinetics. Intakes of DM and NDF were significantly improved by supplementation of both urea and fishmeal with fishmeal exerted a better effect at low level of supplementation. The increase of intake was mainly associated with the significant increase of rumen in sacco degradation of NDF. However, in vivo rumen digestions of NDF and DNDF were not significantly improved by supplementation due to the increased rumen pool of NDF after protein supplementation. As a result, rumen passage and digestion rates were not affected by supplementation. The effective level of fishmeal and urea supplementation to improve the intake of low quality fibrous tropical grass hay in Bali cows were 152 g/d and 74 g/d, respectively. (Animal Production 12(2): 74-81 (2010

Perdagangan Antar Pulau Sapi Bali Dari Timor Barat Ke DKI Jakarta

A research was conducted for eight months to know trading system of Bali Cattle from Timor to DKI Jakarta and level of its body weight loses. Two hundred eighteen Bali Cattle were used in this research. The research was used survey and interview method to collect the data. Data were analyzed using Qualitative Descriptive Analysis and Proc. ANOVA (SAS institute, 2000) and further tested using Least Significant Diffrence (LSD). Results showed that trading system of Bali Cattle is begun from whole saler Jakarta send money to interisland tradesman then money is continued to collectors tradesman to buy cattle, furthermore cattle is sent by interisland tradesman to whole saler Jakarta later on sell cow to cutter or consumer at Jakarta. transportation tool that used truck colt diesel motor, boat (cargo), coupled truck, trintin tronton or trinton. The level of body weight loses was very high (8.53-17.30%) and of course it significant difference (P<0.01) for every Bali cattle came from. It is concluded that places of Bali cattle lived in give a different level of body weight lose

Tingkat Pendapatan Peternak Pada Penggemukan Sapi Bali Dengan Sistem Bagi Hasil Di Kabupaten Kupang

Income Level of Farmers on Fattening Bali Cattle using Profit Share System. The research conducted during 10 months in 2009 and aimed to identify the contribution of income from fattening cattle farmers and to determine the factors affecting the level of income from such business. Sixty farmers were taken as respondents by purposive random sampling in Amarasi, Kupang regency. Data were collected through interviews with respondents and were continued with inputoutput analysis and statistical analysis using correlation analysis, regression analysis, and is equipped with the calculation of the coefficient of multiple determinations (R2). The results showed that the business was able to provide cash income to farmers amounted to Rp 281,303.08; simultaneously, the income is influenced significantly (P<0.01) by the number of fattened cattle, cattle's age, length of fattening period, the cost of cattle's feed, and labor costs, with a coefficient of multiple determination (R2) amounted to 85.6%

The physiological and metabolic effects of stressors associated with long duration transportation on male Bos indicus cattle

A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effect of stressors associated with long duration transportation, particularly feed and water deprivation, on male Bos indicus cattle. In experiment 1, the effects of feed and water deprivation on microbial counts and rumen kinetics of Bos indicus steers were examined. Cannulated steers (n=4) were either deprived (deprived steers) for 72 hours or had ad libitum access (control steers) to feed and water in a 2 x 4 cross-over design. Rumen fluid was collected at day -6, 0, 4 and 9. Feed and water deprivation occurred from day -3 to day 0. Feed and water deprivation caused decreases in the numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (1.4 v 0.4 cfu x 10⁶ /mL; P = 0.001), live (23.7 v 0.8 x 10⁹/mL; P = 0.001), dead (12.7 v 0.5 x 10⁹/mL; P = 0.001) and total bacterial counts (36.4 v 1.4 x 10⁹/mL; P = 0.001) at day 0, compared with the control steers. However, the deprived steers had greater numbers of cellulolytic bacteria (2.7 v 50.1 cfu x 10⁶ /mL; P = 0.001), live (18.3 v 42.2 x 10⁹/mL; P = 0.001), dead (6. 5 v 19.1 x 10⁹/mL; P = 0.001) and total bacterial counts (24.8 v 61.3 x 10⁹/mL; P = 0.001) from rumen fluid on day 4, compared with the control steers. The numbers of total protozoa in rumen fluid from the deprived steers were less than (551.2 v 2.4 x 10³/mL; P = 0.001) the control steers on day 0. However, the deprived steers had fewer protozoa in rumen fluid than the control treatment on day 4 (P = 0.001) and day 9 (P = 0.001). The concentrations of acetic, butyric, propionic and total VFA in rumen fluid from steers deprived of feed and water were less than the concentrations found in the control steers on day 0 (P = 0.001). The concentrations of VFA from deprived steers were not different to the concentrations of the same VFAs from the control steers at day 4 and 9. There were no differences between control and treatment groups for in vitro gas production (GP) on day -6. The cumulative in vitro GP from the control steers was greater than the deprived steers (P = 0.001) on day 0. However, the in vitro GP was not different for the following incubations on day 4 and 9. These results indicate that feed and water deprivation would have a negative but transient effect on the rumen kinetics of Bos indicus steers. Furthermore, these results would suggest that between one and four days after re-feeding the rumen environment returns to pre-deprivation functionality. The results from experiment one led to the development of a second hypothesis; that treatment of Bos indicus bulls with fresh rumen fluid immediately after transportation would assist in returning the rumen to pre-stress functionality and therefore increase dry matter intake and glycogen concentration in the muscle. In this second experiment, twelve Bos indicus bulls were allocated to one of two treatment groups: rumen transfaunation (n = 6) given 10 kg of rumen fluid after transport or Control (n = 6), given 10 kg of deionised water after transport. Glycogen concentrations of the M semimembranosus, M. semitendinosis and M. Longisimus dorsi were measured before transport on day -7 and after transport on day 0, day 1, day 4 and day 9. Feed intake, liveweight gain, plasma metabolites and electrolytes were recorded on the sampling days. Rumen fluid transfaunation increased the dry matter intake of treated bulls compared to the bulls treated with deionised water. However, rumen transfaunation had no effect on glycogen concentrations of the M. semimembranosus, M. semitendinosus and M. Longisimus dorsi compared to the bulls treated with deionised water in this study. The M. semimembranosus and the M. semitendinosus decreased in glycogen concentration immediately after transport on day 0 but replete to pre–transportation concentrations within 1 day. However, the M. Longisimus dorsi demonstrated no change in glycogen concentration between the pre-transportation sample on day -7 and day 0 or day 1 after transportation. The M. Longisimus dorsi of the bulls increased in glycogen concentration between day 1 and day 4 after transportation. The bulls in this experiment demonstrated that muscle glycogen, as measured at the M. longissimus dorsi, cannot recover to sufficient concentrations (40 to 45 μmol of glycogen concentration per gram muscle) to ensure normal meat quality until between one and four days of rest when feeding Rhodes grass hay ad libitum

The influence of incubation media on the gas production of In vitro rumen fluid cultures

The incubation media is a factor that may influence the gas production (GP) concentrations of in vitro ruminal fermentation and degradability of feedstuffs (Mould et al., 2005). Cumulative In vitro GP is associated with feedstuff degradation (Mould et al. 2005). However, GP alone does not provide direct information on either the extent of degradation or the quantity of fermentative end products. Some authors have questioned the use of complex buffer solutions such as the Goering Van Soest media, suggesting a simplified in vitro media would improve safety and reduce cost without negatively impacting on analytical precision (Mould et al., 2005). The current experiment was conducted to compare the Goering-Van Soest and Kansas State incubation media as commonly used in ruminal in vitro studies to evaluate feedstuffs (Goering and Van Soest, 1970; Marten and Barnes, 1979). The in vitro gas production (GP) was completed using a commercial wireless GP apparatus (AnkomRF GP System). The study included eight replicates and two controls for each of the two treatments. Each module (250ml) was filled with 1g of ground Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay, and either 105ml of the Goering Van Soest or Kansas State buffer solutions preheated to 39°C. Rumen fluid was collected 3h after the morning feeding from fistulated Brahman steers consuming Rhodes grass hay. The rumen inoculums (25ml) were poured into each of the vessels. Anaerobic conditions were maintained throughout the preparation and conduct of the experiment. The apparatus was set up to record GP every 15 minute to avoid super-saturation of the liquid phase. Results are described in Figure I.\ud \ud The Goering-Van Soest buffer allowed greater GP than the Kansas State buffer in this experiment at 24, 48 and 72h (P<0.001). The Goering-Van Soest media demonstrated a greater buffering capacity for in vitro fermentation and degradability studies of Rhodes grass hay as demonstrated by GP. The pH declined (p<0.05) for both treatments throughout the experiment. The Goering Van Soest treatment declined from 7.4 to 6.81 whereas the Kansas State buffer decreased from 6.80 to 6.39. The decline in pH may have affected the cellulolytic bacterial population in the Kansas State Buffer treatment. When undertaking or comparing in vitro studies using cellulolytic substrates consideration needs to be given to the incubation media used

Treating Bos indicus bulls with rumen transfaunation after 24 hours of transportation does not replete muscle glycogen

Twelve Bos indicus bulls were allocated to one of two treatment groups: rumen transfaunation (n = 6) given 10 kg of rumen fluid after transport or Control (n = 6), given 10 kg of deionised water after transport. Glycogen concentrations of the M. semimembranosus, M. semitendinosis and M. longisimus dorsi were measured before transport on Day –7 and after transport on Day 0, Day 1, Day 4 and Day 9. Feed intake, liveweight gain, plasma metabolites and electrolytes were recorded on the sampling days. Rumen transfaunation increased the dry matter intake of treated bulls compared with the bulls treated with deionised water. Rumen transfaunation had no effect on glycogen concentrations of the M. semimembranosus, M. semitendinosis and M. longisimus dorsi compared with the bulls treated with deionised water. The M. semimembranosus and the M. semitendinosis decreased in glycogen concentration immediately after transport on Day 0 but repleted to pre-transportation concentrations within 1 day. However, the M. longisimus dorsi demonstrated no change in glycogen concentration between the pre-transportation sample on Day –7 and Day 0 or Day 1 after transportation. The M. longisimus dorsi of the bulls increased in glycogen concentration between Day 1 and Day 4 after transportation. The bulls in this experiment demonstrated that muscle glycogen, as measured at the M. longissimus dorsi, cannot recover to sufficient concentrations (40–45 µmol of glycogen concentration per gram muscle) to ensure normal meat quality until between 1 and 4 days of rest when feeding Rhodes grass hay ad libitum

Penerapan teknologi ib ternak babi secara mandiri di desa Baumata Kecamatan Taebenu Kabupaten Kupang

Kegiatan pengabdian ini merupakan salah satu upaya mengoptimalisasi pemberdayaan masyarakat pinggiran kota melalui program pembibitan ternak babi yang mencakup perbaikan manajemen pemeliharaan induk-anak dan penyediaan pejantan unggul yang akan digunakan dalam pendirian pos pelayanan inseminasi buatan di kelompok tani Tunfe’u dan Nevotuan, Desa Baumata Kecamatan Taebenu Kabupaten Kupang, NTT. Beberapa kegiatan yang telah dilakukan adalah 1) melakukan pertemuan dengan para anggota kedua kelompok tani yang juga dihadiri oleh pihak pemerintahan desa untuk mensosialisasikan rencana kegiatan pengabdian yang telah disetujui oleh DIKTI untuk dilakukan dan juga merencanakan jadwal pertemuan dan kerja; 2) Pertemuan yang membicarakan pekerjaan teknis persiapan lokasi dan pembangunan kandang ; 3) Gotong-royong membangun kandang pejantan dan kandang penampungan semen; 4) Pelatihan terstruktur dengan leboh menggunakan metode hands on training.  Secara umum kegiatan IbM dinilai berjalan dengan baik walaupun. Mitra kegiatan sangat antusias dalam mengikuti pelatihan maupun kerjasama membangun kandang. Luaran yang dihasilkan antara lain 2 pos pelayan IB ternak babi yang dilengkapi dengan fasilitas 2 kandang pejantan, 2 kandang penampung, 2 dummy, 2 set perlengkapan penampungan semen dan IB dan juga paling tidak 3 orang yang terampil dalam melakukan IB