Segmental correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis by all-screw fixation method in adolescents and young adults. minimum 5 years follow-up with SF-36 questionnaire

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In our institution, the fixation technique in treating idiopathic scoliosis was shifted from hybrid fixation to the all-screw method beginning in 2000. We conducted this study to assess the intermediate -term outcome of all-screw method in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Forty-nine consecutive patients were retrospectively included with minimum of 5-year follow-up (mean, 6.1; range, 5.1-7.3 years). The average age of surgery was 18.5 ± 5.0 years. We assessed radiographic measurements at preoperative (Preop), postoperative (PO) and final follow-up (FFU) period. Curve correction rate, correction loss rate, complications, accuracy of pedicle screws and SF-36 scores were analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The average major curve was corrected from 58.0 ± 13.0° Preop to 16.0 ± 9.0° PO(<it>p </it>< 0.0001), and increased to 18.4 ± 8.6°(<it>p </it>= 0.12) FFU. This revealed a 72.7% correction rate and a correction loss of 2.4° (3.92%). The thoracic kyphosis decreased little at FFU (22 ± 12° to 20 ± 6°, (<it>p </it>= 0.25)). Apical vertebral rotation decreased from 2.1 ± 0.8 PreOP to 0.8 ± 0.8 at FFU (Nash-Moe grading, <it>p </it>< 0.01). Among total 831 pedicle screws, 56 (6.7%) were found to be malpositioned. Compared with 2069 age-matched Taiwanese, SF-36 scores showed inferior result in 2 variables: physical function and role physical.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Follow-up more than 5 years, the authors suggest that all-screw method is an efficient and safe method.</p

Reversal of childhood idiopathic scoliosis in an adult, without surgery: a case report and literature review

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Some patients with mild or moderate thoracic scoliosis (Cobb angle <50-60 degrees) suffer disproportionate impairment of pulmonary function associated with deformities in the sagittal plane and reduced flexibility of the spine and chest cage. Long-term improvement in the clinical signs and symptoms of childhood onset scoliosis in an adult, without surgical intervention, has not been documented previously.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A diagnosis of thoracic scoliosis (Cobb angle 45 degrees) with pectus excavatum and thoracic hypokyphosis in a female patient (DOB 9/17/52) was made in June 1964. Immediate spinal fusion was strongly recommended, but the patient elected a daily home exercise program taught during a 6-week period of training by a physical therapist. This regime was carried out through 1992, with daily aerobic exercise added in 1974. The Cobb angle of the primary thoracic curvature remained unchanged. Ongoing clinical symptoms included dyspnea at rest and recurrent respiratory infections. A period of multimodal treatment with clinical monitoring and treatment by an osteopathic physician was initiated when the patient was 40 years old. This included deep tissue massage (1992-1996); outpatient psychological therapy (1992-1993); a daily home exercise program focused on mobilization of the chest wall (1992-2005); and manipulative medicine (1994-1995, 1999-2000). Progressive improvement in chest wall excursion, increased thoracic kyphosis, and resolution of long-standing respiratory symptoms occurred concomitant with a >10 degree decrease in Cobb angle magnitude of the primary thoracic curvature.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This report documents improved chest wall function and resolution of respiratory symptoms in response to nonsurgical approaches in an adult female, diagnosed at age eleven years with idiopathic scoliosis.</p

Parafuso pedicular: método para correção da deformidade na escoliose idiopática do adolescente Tornillo pedicular: método para corregir la deformidad en la escoliosis idiopática del adolescente Pedicular screw: method to correct the deformity in adolescent idiopatic scoliosis

OBJETIVO: avaliar retrospectivamente o poder de correção da deformidade escoliótica em pacientes tratados cirurgicamente com instrumental de terceira geração sendo utilizados exclusivamente parafusos pediculares tanto nas curvas torácicas quanto nas lombares. MÉTODOS: dezessete pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente (EIA) foram submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico, com correção da deformidade e artrodese via posterior com parafusos pediculares em todas as vértebras. Foram analisados sexo, idade, linha de Risser e classificação da escoliose pelo sistema de Lenke. As curvas foram comparadas entre si no pré e pós-operatório em relação ao grau da curvatura pelo método de Cobb, sua flexibilidade por meio de radiografias em inclinação, translação vertebral apical (AVT, do inglês apical vertebral translation) e rotação vertebral apical (AVR, do inglês apical vertebral rotation). A porcentagem de correção pós-operatória foi analisada por meio do "índice de correção de Cincinnati" (ICC). RESULTADOS: houve correção significativa no ângulo de Cobb nas curvas maiores (p<0,0001) e nas curvas menores (p<0,0001). O ICC obtido para as curvas maiores (2,89) e menores (1,21) foi significativamente diferente do zero (p=0,0143 e p<0,0001, respectivamente). Em relação ao AVT, houve correção significativa nas curvas maiores (p=0,0007), porém não-significativa nas curvas menores (p=0,1082). O AVR foi corrigido significativamente tanto nas curvas maiores (p=0,0001) quanto nas menores (p=0,0033). CONCLUSÃO: o tratamento cirúrgico da EIA por artrodese via posterior com instrumental de terceira geração apresentou elevado poder de correção das deformidades, além de ter se mostrado técnica segura.<br>OBJETIVO: evaluar retrospectivamente la facultad de corregir la deformidad de escoliosis en los pacientes tratados quirúrgicamente con instrumento de tercera generación se utilizando exclusivamente los tornillos de pedículo, tanto en las curvas torácicas como en las lumbares. MÉTODOS: diecisiete pacientes con escoliosis idiopática del adolescente fueron tratados quirúrgicamente, con la corrección de la deformidad y artrodesis posterior con tornillos pediculares en todas las vértebras. Se analizaron sexo, edad, línea de Risser y clasificación de la escoliosis por el sistema de Lenke. Las curvas fueron comparadas antes y después de la cirugía en relación con el grado de curvatura por el método de Cobb, su flexibilidad con las radiografías en la pendiente, la traslación vertebral apical (AVT, sigla del inglés apical vertebral translation) y la rotación vertebral apical (AVR, del inglés apical vertebral rotation). El porcentaje de corrección postoperatoria fue analizado con el "índice de corrección de Cincinnati" (CPI). RESULTADOS: se observó una corrección significativa en el ángulo de Cobb en las curvas de mayor (p<0,0001) y en las curvas de menor (p<0,0001). El CPI logrado para las curvas de mayor (2,89) y menor (1,21) era significativamente diferente de cero (p=0,0143 y p<0,0001, respectivamente). En relación con la AVT, hubo corrección significativa de las curvas de mayor (p=0,0007), pero no significativa en las curvas de menor (p=0,1082). El AVR se corrigió significativamente tanto en las curvas de mayor (p=0,0001) como en la curva de menor (p=0,0033). CONCLUSIÓN: el tratamiento quirúrgico de la EIA por artrodesis posterior con la tercera generación de alta potencia instrumental presentó grande poder para corregir las deformidades, y ha demostrado ser una técnica segura.<br>OBJECTIVE: to evaluate retrospectively the power of scoliotic deformity in patients that were submitted to surgical treatment with third generation instrumentation using exclusively pedicle screws in both thoracic and lumbar curves. METHODS: seventeen patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) were submitted to surgical treatment with deformity correction and fusion by posterior approach with pedicle screws in all vertebral bodies. Sex, age, Risser line and Lenke system of classification were analyzed. The curves were compared between pre and postoperatory in relation to Cobb angle, curve flexibility by the bending radiographs, apical vertebral translation (AVT) and apical vertebral rotation (AVR). The postoperative correction percentage was expressed by the Cincinnati correction index (CCI). RESULTS: the Cobb angle had significant correction in the major curves (p<0.0001) and the minor curves (p<0.0001). The CCI of the major curves (2.89) and minor curves (1.21) differ significantly from zero (p=0.0143 and p<0.0001, respectively). The AVT had significant correction in the major curves (p=0007), but not significant in the minor curves (p=1.082). The AVR was significantly corrected in both major (p=0.0001) and minor (p=0.0033) curves. CONCLUSION: the surgery treatment of AIS with posterior fusion using third generation instrumentation has proved to be powerful in correcting the deformities besides shown to be a safe technique

Variability of spinal instrumentation configurations in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Surgical instrumentation for the correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a complex procedure involving many difficult decisions (i.e. spinal segment to instrument, type/location/number of hooks or screws, rod diameter/length/shape, implant attachment order, amount of rod rotation, etc.). Recent advances in instrumentation technology have brought a large increase in the number of options. Despite numerous clinical publications, there is still no consensus on the optimal surgical plan for each curve type. The objective of this study was to document and analyse instrumentation configuration and strategy variability. Five females (12–19 years) with AIS and an indication for posterior surgical instrumentation and fusion were selected. Curve patterns were as follows: two right thoracic (Cobb: 34°, 52°), two right thoracic and left lumbar (Cobb T/L: 57°/45°, 72°/70°) and 1 left thoraco-lumbar (Cobb: 64°). The pre-operative standing postero-anterior and lateral radiographs, supine side bending radiographs, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the spine, pertinent 3D measurements as well as clinical information such as age and gender of each patient were submitted to six experienced independent spinal deformity surgeons, who were asked to provide their preferred surgical planning using a posterior spinal approach. The following data were recorded using the graphical user interface of a spine surgery simulator (6×5 cases): implant types, vertebral level, position and 3D orientation of implants, anterior release levels, rod diameter and shape, attachment sequence, rod rotation (angle, direction), adjustments (screw rotation, contraction/distraction), etc. Overall, the number of implants used ranged from 11 to 26 per patient (average 16; SD ±4). Of these, 45% were mono-axial screws, 31% multi-axial screws and 24% hooks. At one extremity of the spectrum, one surgeon used only mono-axial screws, while at the other, another surgeon used 81% hooks. The selected superior- and inferior-instrumented vertebrae varied up to six and five levels, respectively (STD 1.2 and 1.5). A top-to-bottom attachment sequence was selected in 61% of the cases, a bottom-up in 29% and an alternate order in 11%. The rod rotation maneuver of the first rod varied from 0° (no rotation) to 140°, with a median at 90°. In conclusion, a large variability of instrumentation strategy in AIS was documented within a small experienced group of spinal deformity surgeons. The exact cause of this large variability is unclear but warrants further investigation with multicenter outcome studies as well as experimental and computer simulation studies. We hypothesize that this variability may be attributed to different objectives for correction, to surgeon’s personal preferences based on their previous experience, to the known inter-observer variability of current classification systems and to the current lack of clearly defined strategies or rational rules based on the validated biomechanical studies with modern multi-segmental instrumentation systems

Assessment of two novel surgical positions for the reduction of scoliotic deformities: lateral leg displacement and hip torsion

Cobb angles and apical vertebral rotations (AVR) are two of the main scoliosis deformity parameters which spinal instrumentation and fusion techniques aim to reduce. Despite this importance, current surgical positioning techniques do not allow the reduction of these parameters. Two new surgical frame accessory prototypes have been developed: (1) a lateral leg displacer (LLD) allows lateral bending of a patient’s legs up to 75° in either direction and (2) a pelvic torsion device (PTD) which allows transverse plane twisting of a patient’s pelvis at 30° in either direction while raising the thoracic cushion, opposite to the raised side of the pelvis, by 5 cm. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the LLD and PTD to reduce Cobb angles and AVR. Experimental testing was performed pre-operatively on 12 surgical scoliosis patients prone on an experimental surgical frame. Postero-anterior radiographs of their spines were taken in the neutral prone position on a surgical frame, and then again for 6 with their legs bent towards the convexity of their lowest structural curve, 4 with their pelvis raised on the convex side of their lowest structural curve and one each in opposite LLD and PTD intended use. Use of the LLD allowed for an average supplementary reduction of 16° (39%) for Cobb angle and 9° (33%) for AVR in the lowest structural curve. Use of the PTD allowed for an average supplementary reduction of 9° (19%) for Cobb angle and 17° (48%) for AVR in the lowest structural curve. Both devices were most efficient on thoraco-lumbar/lumbar curves. Opposite of intended use resulted in an increase in both Cobb angle and AVR. The LLD and PTD provide interesting novel methods to reduce Cobb angles and AVR through surgical positioning which can be used to facilitate instrumentation procedures by offering an improved intra-operative geometry of the spine