Fabrication of Silk Fibroin Nanofibres by Needleless Electrospinning

Silk fibroin nanofibres were fabricated using a needleless electrospinning technique. The procedure focused on a new method for the preparation of a spinning solution from silk fibroin. The role of the concentration of silk fibroin solution, applied voltage and spinning distance were investigated as a function of the morphology of the obtained fibres and the spinning performance of the electrospinning process. The biocompatibility of the obtained fibre sheets was evaluated using an in vitro testing method with MG‐63 osteoblasts. The solvent system consisted of formic acid and calcium chloride that can dissolve silk fibroin at room temperature, and a rate of 0.25 g of calcium chloride per 1 g of silk fibroin was required to obtain a completely dissolved silk fibroin solution. The diameters of the silk electrospun fibres obtained from the formic acid–calcium chloride solvent system ranged from 100 to 2400 nm, depending on the spinning parameters. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of the silk fibroin solution and the applied voltage improved spinning ability and spinning performance in needleless electrospinning. In addition, in vitro tests with living cells showed that the obtained electrospun fibre sheets were highly biocompatible with MG‐63 osteoblasts

Personal asistent autistic children and young people

Title: The personal assistance by children and by young people with autism defect Author: Lenka Martinová Konsultant: PhDr. Marina Luptáková University: Charles University in Prague Fakulty: Hussite Theological Department: Teaching Field of study: Bachelor study Social Pedagogy Numer of pages: 62 Numer of supplements: 2 Year of publication: 2012 This bachelor thesis is interested in a personal assistance in the connection with children and young people who suffer from autism. The essence of autism is characterised here. The thesis is divided into the theoretical part focuses on the types of personal assistance and the term of personal assistant, his education, financial issues and employment. The historical development of the personal assistance in the Czech Republic is described here. I described various types of autism. I also explain the principles of the structural learning. The practical part defines the association APLA which helps people with autism. The history of APLA, priorities the activity in association, project, the administration and exploitation of the personal assitance of APLA Prague. The last part of the theoretical part consists also of the structural dialogue about the autism

Controlled Morphology of Porous Polyvinyl Butyral Nanofibers

A simple and effective method for the fabrication of porous nanofibers based on the solvent evaporation methods in one-step electrospinning process from the commercial polyvinyl butyral (PVB) is presented. The obtained nanofibers are prevalently amorphous with diameters ranging from 150 to 4350 nm and specific surface area of approximately 2-20 m(2)/g. Pore size with irregular shape of the porous PVB fibers ranged approximately from 50 to 200 nm. The effects of polymer solution concentration, composition of the solvents mixture, and applied voltage on fiber diameter and morphology were investigated. The theoretical approach for the choice of poor and good solvents for PVB was explained by the application Hansen solubility parameter (HSP) and two-dimensional graph. Three basic conditions for the production of porous PVB nanofibers were defined: (i) application of good/poor solvent mixture for spinning solution, (ii) differences of the evaporation rate between good/poor solvent, and (iii) correct ratios of good/poor solvent (v/v). The diameter of prepared porous PVB fibers decreased as the polymer concentration was lowered and with higher applied voltage. These nanofiber sheets with porous PVB fibers could be a good candidate for high-efficiency filter materials in comparison to smooth fibers without pores.GACR [304/07/1129]; [1M0554