7 research outputs found
Hur AI-verktyget ChatGPT klarar en hemtentamen i palliativ vÄrd
Dataprogrammet ChatGPT Ă€r en bott som utför automatiska uppgifter. Denna chattbott skapade rubriker under hösten pĂ„ grund av dess förmĂ„ga att med artificiell intelligens (AI) skapa svar pĂ„ riktade frĂ„gor och texter utifrĂ„n ett beskrivet syfte. I slutet av december 2022 lades 16 frĂ„gor frĂ„n en hemtentamen i palliativ vĂ„rd vid sjuksköterskeprogrammet in i AI-botten för att fĂ„ dem besvarade och testa bottens förmĂ„ga att besvara frĂ„gorna korrekt. Vi ville Ă€ven testa om man kunde se nĂ„gon skillnad pĂ„ svaren i rĂ€ttningsmallen och pĂ„ studenternas svar och pĂ„ de svar som genererats frĂ„n AI-botten. En bedömning av bottens svar visade pĂ„ att den hade klarat examinationen. Somliga svar var mycket bra och resonerande till sin natur, nĂ„got gav reducerade poĂ€ng pga. bristande innehĂ„ll och ett par svar felaktiga. Ett svar stack ut dĂ„ det var pĂ„ engelska. Svaren hade ibland smĂ€rre grammatiska fel, men var frĂ€mst betydligt lĂ€ngre och bĂ€ttre strukturerade Ă€n studerandes. Möjligheten att upptĂ€cka försök till vilseledande i examination hade varit liten. Det finns skillnad i svarens diskurs, dĂ€r svaren frĂ„n botten har en mer amerikansk stil i sin formulering.Â
ENGLSIH ABSTRACT
How the AI tool ChatGPT passes a home exam in palliative care
The ChatGPT computer program is a bot that performs automatic tasks. This chatbot made headlines during the fall due to its ability to use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create answers to targeted questions and texts based on a described purpose. At the end of December 2022, 16 questions from a home exam in palliative care at the nursing program were put into the AI bot to get them answered and test its ability to answer the questions correctly but also an assessment of whether the answers could be detected. An evaluation of the botâs answers showed it had passed the examination. Some answers were excellent and reasoned, some gave reduced points due to lack of content, and some were incorrect. One answer stood out as it was in English. The answers sometimes had minor grammatical errors but were significantly more prolonged and better structured than the studentsâ answers. The possibility of detecting attempts at deception in the examination had been limited. There is a difference in discourse in the answers, with the answers from the bot having a more American style
FrÄn Nordiska motstÄndsrörelsen till alternativhögern : En studie om den svenska radikalnationalistiska miljön
Correlation between cag Pathogenicity Island Composition and Helicobacter pylori-Associated Gastroduodenal Disease
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a variety of outcomes ranging from seemingly asymptomatic coexistence to peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The cag pathogenicity island (PAI) contains genes associated with a more aggressive phenotype and has been suggested to be a determinant of severe disease outcome. The cagA gene has served as a marker for the cag PAI. However, the presence of this single gene does not necessarily indicate the presence of a complete set of cag PAI genes. We have analyzed the composition of the cag PAI in 66 clinical isolates obtained from patients with duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, and nonulcer dyspepsia. Hybridization of DNA to microarrays containing all the genes of the cag PAI showed that 76 and 9% of the strains contained all or none of the cag PAI genes, respectively. Partial deletions of the cag PAI were found in 10 isolates (15%), of which 3 were cagA negative. The ability to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in AGS cells was correlated to the presence of a complete cag PAI. Strains carrying only parts of the island induced IL-8 at levels significantly lower than those induced by cag PAI-positive isolates. The presence of an intact cag PAI correlates with development of more severe pathology, and such strains were found more frequently in patients with severe gastroduodenal disease (odds ratio, 5.13; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 17.4). Partial deletions of the cag PAI appear to be sufficient to render the organism less pathogenic
Survival After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Relation to Age and Early Identification of Patients With Minimal Chance of Long-Term Survival
Backgroundâ
Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has increased during the last decade in Denmark. We aimed to study the impact of age on changes in survival and whether it was possible to identify patients with minimal chance of 30-day survival.
Methods and Resultsâ
Using data from the nationwide Danish Cardiac Arrest Registry (2001â2011), we identified 21â480 patients â„18 years old with a presumed cardiac-caused out-of-hospital cardiac arrest for which resuscitation was attempted. Patients were divided into 3 preselected age-groups: working-age patients 18 to 65 years of age (33.7%), early senior patients 66 to 80 years of age (41.5%), and late senior patients >80 years of age (24.8%). Characteristics in working-age patients, early senior patients, and late senior patients were as follows: witnessed arrest in 53.8%, 51.1%, and 52.1%; bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 44.7%, 30.3%, and 23.4%; and prehospital shock from a defibrillator in 54.7%, 45.0%, and 33.8% (all
P
<0.05). Between 2001 and 2011, return of spontaneous circulation on hospital arrival increased: working-age patients, from 12.1% to 34.6%; early senior patients, from 6.4% to 21.5%; and late senior patients, from 4.0% to 15.0% (all
P
<0.001). Furthermore, 30-day survival increased: working-age patients, 5.8% to 22.0% (
P
<0.001); and early senior patients, 2.7% to 8.4% (
P
<0.001), whereas late senior patients experienced only a minor increase (1.5% to 2.0%;
P
=0.01). Overall, 3 of 9499 patients achieved 30-day survival if they met 2 criteria: had not achieved return of spontaneous circulation on hospital arrival and had not received a prehospital shock from a defibrillator.
Conclusionsâ
All age groups experienced a large temporal increase in survival on hospital arrival, but the increase in 30-day survival was most prominent in the young. With the use of only 2 criteria, it was possible to identify patients with a minimal chance of 30-day survival.
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