Uso De Filtros De Carvão Ativado Granular Associado A Microrganismos Para Remoção De Fármacos No Tratamento De água De Abastecimento

The way of life of modern societies has originated the daily intake of pharmaceuticals and numerous other molecules of continuous use in aquatic environments, emerging compounds that brings potential risk for human health mainly due to exposure resulted from the inevitable contamination of sources of drinking water supply and its transference to the water treatment plants (WTP) where they are not removed. The use of granular activated carbon in filters proves to be a viable option for WTP, but satisfactory efficiency requires periodic regeneration of the material, burdening the treatment costs. However, it is noted that under low filtration rates, the natural colonization of filters by microorganisms — biofilm formation — may be an alternative for increasing the lifetime of carbon, as well as to decompose these complex molecules into assimilable mineral elements, thereby reintroducing them to the natural biogeochemical cycles. This study evaluated the activated carbon with biofilm as the filter media, during 24 weeks, under laboratory conditions, considering the removal of the pharmaceuticals diclofenac sodium, ibuprofen, naproxen and amoxicillin; experienced under batch system the potential of the microorganisms adhering to the filters in degrade the tested drugs, as well as phylogenetically identified the predominant microorganisms in biodegradation. The results show drug removal over 80%. It was observed the presence of the bacteria genus Bacillus, Burkholderia, Cupriavidus, Pseudomonas, Shinella and Sphingomonas. This study allows us to infer the capacity to remove pharmaceuticals by the bacteria present in the activated carbon filters, and the possible use of this technology as an alternative for control and removal of these substances in drinking water treatment. © 2016, ABES - Associacao Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental. All rights reserved.21470972

Caracterização de rizóbios (Bradyrhizobium japonicum) e produtividade da soja

Fez-se um estudo de campo sobre a competição e a dinâmica de ocupação de sítios de nodulação de estirpes de Bradyrhizobium japonicum naturalizadas ou inoculadas em sementes. O ensaio foi instalado em Latossolo Vermelho Escuro utilizando blocos ao acaso, com 8 repetições dos seguintes tratamentos: A) controle sem inoculante; B) controle sem inoculante, com adubação nitrogenada; C) inoculante com cerca de 107 rizóbios/g (8g/kg de semente); D) inoculação com cerca de 1010 rizóbios/g (8g/kg de semente). Os inoculantes foram preparados com as estirpes recomendadas na ocasião, SMS - 314 (= SEMIA 587) e SMS - 463 (= SEMIA 5019 = 29W). A identificação das estirpes formadoras dos nódulos foi realizada em amostras coletadas aos 10, 42 e 70 dias após a germinação. Realizou-se também a colheita dos grãos para avaliação da produção e de N-total. A tipificação sorológica foi feita com antissoro preparado a partir de antígenos constituídos pelas seguintes estirpes de Bradyrhizobium japonicum: SEMIA 587, SEMIA 5019 e SEMIA 5052 (= USDA 6), utilizando-se da técnica immunodot. A caracterização das estirpes dos nódulos revelou um pequeno aumento (6,2 a 8,7%), na ocorrência de nódulos formados pelas estirpes recomendadas, nas três épocas de amostragem. Houve expressiva participação da estirpe 5052 (= sorogrupo USDA 6) na formação dos nódulos. Verificou-se que as estirpes naturalizadas podem contribuir de forma diferente na formação dos nódulos durante o ciclo, dependendo da amostragem.A field study on the competion and on the dynamics of occupation of nodulation sites by naturalized and seed inoculated strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum was conducted on a Dark Red Latosol. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks, with eight replications of the following treatments: A) control without inoculation; B) control without inoculation, with nitrogen fertilizer; C) inoculation with about 107 rhizobia/g (8g/kg of seed); D) inoculation with about 1010 rhizobia/g (8g/kg of seed). The inoculant was prepared with the strains SMS-314 (= SEMIA-587) and SMS-463 (=SEMIA-5019 = 29W), officially recommended for inoculant production. The identification of the strains which formed nodules was made in samples collected at 10, 42 and 70 days after seed germination. The grains were harvested to evaluate production and nitrogen content. Sorological typification was made with antiserum prepared from antigens constituted by B. japonicum strains SEMIA-587, SEMIA-5019 and SEMIA-5052 (=USDA-6), using the immunodot method. The characterization of the strains in nodules revealed a small increase (6,2 to 8,7%) in the occurrence of nodules formed by the recommended strains for the three sampling dates. There was an expressive participation of the strain 5052 (serogroup USDA-6) in the formation of the nodules. It was also observed that the naturalized strains may contribute differently to the formation of the nodules during the cycle, depending on the time of sampling

Eficiência e competitividade de variantes espontâneos isolados de estirpes de Bradyrhizobium spp recomendadas para a cultura da soja (Glycine max) Effectiveness and competitiveness of spontaneous mutants isolated from Bradyrhizobium spp strains recommended for soybean crop (Glycine max)

O cultivo sucessivo de soja inoculada numa mesma área proporcionou a adaptação de uma população de rizóbios, que podem não ser tão eficientes quanto à capacidade de fixação de N2, mas apresentam alta competitividade, dificultando a introdução de novas estirpes mais eficientes. Com a finalidade de avaliar o desempenho simbiótico (eficiência e competitividade) de variantes espontâneos isolados de estirpes de B. japonicum (SEMIA 5079 e SEMIA 5080) e B. elkanii (SEMIA 587 e SEMIA 5019), realizou-se um experimento em casa de vegetação onde os variantes foram inoculados isoladamente e em diferentes combinações entre os variantes e uma estirpe comprovadamente mais competitiva (SEMIA 587 ou SEMIA 5019) a partir da adição de inóculos mistos (1/1; v/v) no cultivar de soja BR-16. Por meio da avaliação das variáveis analisadas (nodulação, produção de matéria de seca da parte aérea, N total acumulado na parte aérea e ocupação nodular), foi possível constatar que o determinante da maior eficiência em tratamentos co-inoculados não foi a ocupação nodular de determinada estirpe ou variante presente no inóculo, mas, sim, o tipo de interação (sinérgica ou antagônica) predominante no tratamento co-inoculado e que é possível selecionar variantes eficientes e competitivos para a cultura da soja a partir de estirpes parentais que já apresentam características desejáveis para utilização em inoculantes comerciais.<br>The continuous cultivation of inoculated soybean in the same area can determine the soil colonization with a rhizobia population presenting low nitrogen fixation effectiveness. This fact can be a problem for the establishment of a more effective population. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the symbiotic effectiveness and competitiveness of spontaneous mutants isolated from B. japonicum (SEMIA 5079 and SEMIA 5080) and B. elkanii (SEMIA 587 and SEMIA 5019) strains. The soybean biovar BR 16 was inoculated with the same proportion of inoculants (1:1; v/v) containing just one of the spontaneous mutants or in different combinations among them in comparison to a competitive strain (SEMIA 587 and 5019). Through the evaluation of nodulation, dry weight yields of plants, total N in plant and nodules occupancy, its was verified that the determinant factor for microorganisms symbiotic effectiveness in co-inoculated treatments was the synergism and the antagonistic interaction and not the nodule occupancy. It was also possible to select effective an competitive spontaneous mutants for soybean from parental strains recommended for commercial inoculants

Marcadores moleculares na predição do sexo em plantas de mamoeiro Molecular markers for sex identification in papaya

O objetivo deste trabalho foi validar marcadores moleculares, previamente identificados como ligados ao sexo do mamoeiro, para utilização na seleção indireta em genótipos comerciais. Foram analisadas duas variedades do grupo Solo e dois híbridos do grupo Formosa, com utilização de 20 plantas por genótipo, quatro marcadores do tipo SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) e um RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). O RAPD BC210 permitiu a identificação de todas as plantas femininas e hermafroditas, o que revela grande potencial para ser usado na seleção assistida em alguns dos genótipos mais cultivados no Brasil. Os marcadores do tipo SCAR não permitiram a identificação correta do sexo dos genótipos, pois detectou-se a presença de falso-positivos e falso-negativos nas análises.<br>The objective of this work was the validation of previous discovered sex related molecular markers of papaya, aiming at the indirect selection of Brazilian commercial genotypes. Two varieties of the Solo group and two hybrids of the Formosa group (20 plants for genotype), four SCAR (Sequence Characterized Amplified Region) and one RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers were used. All hermaphrodite and female plants were correctly predicted by RAPD BC210, showing its high potential for marker assisted selection in important commercial genotypes used in Brazil. The SCAR markers did not show the true sex identification of these genotypes, revealing the presence of false positives and negatives in the analyses

The Genome Sequence Of The Gram-positive Sugarcane Pathogen Leifsonia Xyli Subsp. Xyli

The genome sequence of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, which causes ratoon stunting disease and affects sugarcane worldwide, was determined. The single circular chromosome of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli CTCB07 was 2.6 Mb in length with a GC content of 68% and 2,044 predicted open reading frames. The analysis also revealed 307 predicted pseudogenes, which is more than any bacterial plant pathogen sequenced to date. Many of these pseudogenes, if functional, would likely be involved in the degradation of plant heteropolysaccharides, uptake of free sugars, and synthesis of amino acids. Although L. xyli subsp. xyli has only been identified colonizing the xylem vessels of sugarcane, the numbers of predicted regulatory genes and sugar transporters are similar to those in free-living organisms. Some of the predicted pathogenicity genes appear to have been acquired by lateral transfer and include genes for cellulase, pectinase, wilt-inducing protein, lysozyme, and desaturase. 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Comparative Genomics Of Two Leptospira Interrogans Serovars Reveals Novel Insights Into Physiology And Pathogenesis

Leptospira species colonize a significant proportion of rodent populations worldwide and produce life-threatening infections in accidental hosts, including humans. Complete genome sequencing of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni and comparative analysis with the available Leptospira interrogans serovar Lai genome reveal that despite overall genetic similarity there are significant structural differences, including a large chromosomal inversion and extensive variation in the number and distribution of insertion sequence elements. Genome sequence analysis elucidates many of the novel aspects of leptospiral physiology relating to energy metabolism, oxygen tolerance, two-component signal transduction systems, and mechanisms of pathogenesis. A broad array of transcriptional regulation proteins and two new families of afimbrial adhesins which contribute to host tissue colonization in the early steps of infection were identified. 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